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BANCROFT 
LIBRARY 

THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 


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R  E  P  0  R  r 


OP   THE  ._,  "A    Q 

s-Vs  rj^     QUA^*^^A 

,,°  ^^-:< 

AMERICAN  BOARD  OF  COMMISSIONERS 


FOR 


FOREIGN  MISSIONS, 


PRESENTED  AT  THE 


THIRTY-NINTH  ANNUAL  MEETING, 


HELD  IN 


BOSTON,  MASSACHUSETTS, 

Sept,  12-15,  1848, 


BOSTON  : 

PRINTED  FOR  THE  BOARD,  BY  T.  R,  MARVIN. 
1848. 


Bancroft  Ufc««l 

1848.]  SANDWICH    ISLANDS.  237 

have  made  good  progress  in  completing  a  stone  meeting-house ; 
and  the  people  of  Kaanapali,  an  outpost  of  the  same  station, 
have  rethatched  their  place  of  worship.  The  church  at  Waia- 
lua  have  also  repaired  their  meeting-house. 

The  contributions  for  various  objects  at  the  different  stations, 
have  been  on  the  same  liberal  scale  as  in  former  years. 

TESTIMONY    IN    BEHALF    OF    THE    MISSION.  *. 

To  obviate,  and  more  than  obviate,  the  adverse  testimony, 
which  occasionally  appears  from  unfriendly  persons,  the  Com 
mittee  are  happy  to  quote  a  letter  from  Joel  Turrill,  Esq.,  the 
American  Consul  at  the  Sandwich  Islands,  addressed  to  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Board,  and  dated  Honolulu,  March  1,  1848. 
Mr.  Turrill  writes  as  follows  : 

"  I  find  this  climate  as  good  as  I  expected,  and  more  of  civi 
lization  among  the  natives  than  I  anticipated.  Much,  very 
much,  has  been  done  for  this  people, — the  nation,— by  your 
Board.  For  several  years  before  leaving  the  United  States,  I 
had  been  disinclined  to  favor  the  efforts  that  were  making  to 
send  missionaries  abroad,  believing  that  such  efforts  otherwise 
directed  would  be  productive  of  much  more  good ;  but  during 
my  residence  in  these  Islands  I  have  been  an  attentive  observer 
of  the  effects  produced  by  those  efforts  on  the  Hawaiian  race, 
and  I  am  free  to  confess  that  my  feelings  upon  this  subject  have 
undergone  a  material  change.  I  find  here,  as  missionaries,  indi 
viduals  who,  so  far  as  my  observations  have  extended,  are 
worthy  of  their  high  calling  ;  and  the  result  of  their  labors,  so 
apparent  in  the  vast  improvement  in  the  moral  and  physical 
condition  of  the  people,  forces  the  conviction  on  my  mind,  that 
they  have  devoted  themselves  to  their  arduous  duties  with  a 
zeal  and  a  singleness  of  purpose  worthy  of  the  great  work  in 
which  they  are  engaged.  I  do  not  believe  that  another  in 
stance  can  be  found,  where,  with  the  same  amount  of  means, 
so  much  good  has  been  done  to  any  people  in  so  limited  a 
period. 

"  I  might  state  many  interesting  facts  upon  this  subject,  but 
I  deem  it  unnecessary  to  go  into  detail  in  writing  to  one  so 
familiar  with  every  thing  connected  with  the  mission  at  these 
Islands,  as  yourself. 

"  The  benefits  that  have  already  resulted  from  the  disin 
terested  exertions  of  the  missionaries,  and  the  good  they  are  now 
constantly  doing  among  the  natives  of  these  Islands,  give  them 
in  my  opinion  a  strong  claim  upon  the  Christian  and  the  Phi 
lanthropist  for  a  liberal  support ;  but  I  did  not  take  up  my  pen 
for  the  purpose  of  discussing  this  important  subject,  but  simply 
to  do  an  act  of  justice  too  long  deferred." 


I  ffl    M  ram  Illlllllrallllu 


OREGON    INDIANS.  239 


NORTH   AMERICAN   INDIANS. 


MISSION  TO  THE  OREGON  INDIANS. 

WAitLATPu.  —  Vacant. 

CLEAR  WATER.  —  Henry  H.  Spalding,  Missionary  ;  Mrs,  Eliza  Hart  Spalding. 

TSHIMAKAIN.  —  Elkanah   Walker,   Gushing  Eells,   Missionaries;    Mrs.  Mary  Walker, 
Mrs.  Myra  Eells. 

DALLS.  —  Mr.  Hinman  and  P.  B.  Whitman,  Assistant  Missionaries  ;  Mrs.  Hinman. 
(4  stations  j  3  missionaries;  2  male  and  4  female  assistant  missionaries  ;  —  total,  9  ) 

The  course  of  events  in  this  mission,  since  the  last  Annual 
Report,  has  been  singularly  disastrous  and  disheartening.  One 
who  has  labored  during  many  years  with  great  assiduity  and 
self-denial,  for  the  temporal  and  spiritual  good  of  the  red  man, 
has  fallen  a  martyr  by  the  hands  of  the  very  people  he  was 
seeking  to  bless  and  save.  His  amiable  wife  and  a  promising 
assistant,  in  circumstances  of  appalling  atrocity  and  faithless 
ness,  have  shared  the  same  fate.  Another  escaped  a  violent 
and  untimely  death  only  by  a  signal  interposition  of  Providence. 
And  the  remaining  members  of  the  mission  are  supposed  to 
have  been  in  much  fear,  in  consequence  of  the  actual  or  appa 
rent  dangers  with  which  they  saw  themselves  environed. 

PLANS    AND    PROSPECTS    OF    THE    MISSION. 

Before  the  occurrence  of  this  melancholy  catastrophe,  the 
prospects  of  our  brethren,  though  not  particularly  encouraging, 
seemed  to  be  about  as  hopeful  as  they  had  been  for  some  time 
previous.  The  winter  of  1846-7,  indeed,  was  one  of  remarkable 
severity,  inflicting  considerable  loss  upon  the  mission,  and  doing 
much  greater  injury  to  the  natives,  by  the  destruction  of  horses, 
cattle,  sheep,  &c.  ;  while  it  necessarily  and  materially  curtailed 
the  amount  of  direct  missionary  labor  performed  at  the  different 
stations.  At  Clear  Water,  moreover,  there  had  been,  for  some 
months  prior  to  the  spring  of  1847,  a  course  of  procedure  on 
the  part  of  the  Nez  Perces,  which  was  not  less  annoying  to  Mr. 
Spalding  and  his  family,  than  it  was  fatal,  for  the  time  being, 
to  all  plans  and  expectations  of  usefulness.  But  as  the  season 
advanced,  a  more  friendly  feeling  was  manifested  by  the  chiefs, 
who  professed  to  deplore  the  misconduct  of  the  "  infidel  party," 
and  expressed  a  strong  desire  that  Mr.  Spalding  would  remain 


240  OREGON  INDIANS.  [Report, 

with  them  and  continue  his  efforts  in  their  behalf.  The  Ka- 
yuse  Indians  were  thought  to  be  making  commendable  progress 
in  the  arts  of  life  ;  while  the  gospel  appeared  to  be  gaining  a 
more  efficient  and  most  desirable  influence  over  them.  Under 
date  of  May  12,  Doct.  Whitman  wrote  :  "  We  think  the  affairs 
of  this  station,  in  regard  to  the  Indians,  are  in  a  very  favorable 
state ;  such  as  gives  promise  of  continued  prosperity." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  mission,  held  at  Tshimakain  in  June, 
1847,  the  propriety  of  occupying  another  station  came  up  for 
discussion.  Amid  previous  discouragements  and  trials,  the  ex 
pediency  of  discontinuing  the  mission  had  forced  itself  upon 
the  minds  of  the  brethren  ;  but  the  reasons  for  abandoning  the 
field  entirely  did  not  seem  to  be  satisfactory.  Now,  however, 
in  consequence  of  the  purpose  of  the  Methodist  mission  to  leave 
the  Balls  (or  Waskopum),  and  their  formal  offer  of  the  station 
to  our  brethren,  the  inquiry  arose  whether  this  important  post 
should  be  taken  under  their  care.  On  the  whole  it  was  deemed 
advisable  to  accept  the  offer ;  especially  as,  by  omitting  to  do 
so,  the  place  might  go  into  the  hands  of  the  Romanists,  or  fall 
under  influences  equally  adverse  to  the  spread  of  evangelical 
religion  among  the  natives  of  Oregon.  The  original  plan  of 
the  mission  contemplated  the  removal  of  Mr.  Walker  to  the 
Dalls  ;  but  as  he  thought  it  expedient  to  remain  at  Tshimakain, 
different  arrangements  were  made.  A  nephew  of  Doct.  Whit 
man,  who  had  gained  some  experience  in  missionary  life  while 
in  the  family  of  his  uncle,  was  transferred  to  the  new  station ; 
and  a  Mr.  Hinman,  formerly  a  school  teacher  at  Waiilatpu,  was 
associated  with  him.  By  the  adoption  of  this  plan,  it  will  be 
seen,  a  fourth  tribe  of  Indians  was  brought  under  the  influence 
of  our  brethren  ;  the  station  at  Tshimakain  having  been  estab 
lished  for  the  benefit  of  the  Flat  Heads,  the  one  at  Clear  Water 
being  among  the  Nez  Perces,  the  one  at  Waiilatpu  having  been 
surrounded  by  the  Kayuses,  and  the  new  station  at  the  Dalls 
being  in  the  midst  of  the  Walla  Wallas. 

During  the  autumn  of  1847,  till  near  its  close,  the  missionary 
work  appears  to  have  gone  forward  at  all  the  stations,  without 
any.  important  change,  or  any  striking  event.  Doct.  Whitman, 
in  particular,  was  prosecuting  his  labors  with  cheerfulness  and 
assiduity.  As  it  was  a  season  of  unusual  sickness  among  the 
Indians  in  his  neighborhood,  he  spent  much  of  his  time  in  ad 
ministering  to  their  wants ;  not  forgetting,  however,  their 
spiritual  necessities.  It  was  his  purpose  to  erect  a  place  of 
worship  for  the  Indians,  at  no  distant  day  ;  and  he  was  taking 
measures  to  build  some  permanent  storehouses  for  their  use. 
While  he  was  deeply  solicitous  for  the  improvement  and  re 
generation  of  the  red  man,  he  was  no  less  anxious  to  provide 
the  means  of  grace  for  the  white  population  which  was  crowd- 


1848.]  OREGON  INDIANS.  241 

ing  into  this  sparsely  settled  and  distant  territory.  In  his  latest 
communication  he  dwelt  with  much  earnestness  upon  this 
topic,  and  was  urgent  that  the  American  Home  Missionary  So 
ciety  and  the  American  Tract  Society  should  enter  this  broad 
field  without  delay.  The  destinies  of  Oregon  he  regarded  as 
depending,  in  a  very  important  sense,  upon  the  influences 
which  should  be  thrown  into  it  during  the  first  years  of  its 
history  ;  and  he  could  not  shut  his  eyes  to  the  fact,  that  Ro 
manism  and  irreligion  were  gaining  a  strong  position  in  places 
which  promised  to  be  central  points  at  a  future  day. 

But  in  the  twinkling  of  an  eye,  this  beloved  brother  was 
ushered  into  the  eternal  world  ;  his  wife,  with  Mr.  Rogers,  his 
only  associate  in  missionary  labor,  and  two  adopted  children, 
were  involved  in  the  same  catastrophe ;  the  station  on  which 
he  had  bestowed  such  an  expenditure  of  time  and  money  was 
laid  in  ruins  ;  the  continued  occupancy  of  Clear  Water  became 
unsafe  and  impracticable  ;  the  mission  families  at  Tshimakain 
were  kept  for  a  long  time  in  a  state  of  painful  suspense,  and 
they  finally  felt  constrained  to  remove  to  Fort  Colville  for  se 
curity.  The  station  at  the  Balls,  as  well  as  Waiilatpu,  was 
converted  into  a  military  post ;  and  it  remained  in  that  condi 
tion  at  the  date  of  our  last  advices  from  Oregon.  And  it  seems 
very  doubtful  whether  any  of  these  positions  can  be  again  oc 
cupied  by  missionaries,  unless  it  be  Tshimakain  ;  and  it  is  too 
soon  to  affirm  that  even  this  can  be  henceforth  considered  as  a 
desirable  (if  it  is  a  tenable)  point  for  the  prosecution  of  the 
work  in  which  our  brethren  have  been  engaged. 

MASSACRE    AT    WAIILATPU. 

The  massacre  of  Doct.  Whitman,  his  wife,  and  Mr.  Rogers 
at  Waiilatpu,  took  place  on  the  29th  of  November.  All  the 
causes  of  this  sudden  and  melancholy  event  are  not  known  to 
the  Committee ;  they  cannot,  therefore,  give  a  full  and  satisfac 
tory  account  of  it  at  the  present  time.  The  immediate  occasion 
of  this  outbreak  of  savage  violence  may  probably  be  found  in 
the  prevailing  sickness  among  the  Indians.  In  the  train  of  the 
emigrants  from  the  United  States,  who  went  to  Oregon  last 
year,  there  followed  the  measles  and  dysentery,  making  fright 
ful  ravages  among  the  natives,  the  violence  of  disease  having 
been  greatly  aggravated  by  their  imprudence.  Those  who 
lived  near  Waiilatpu  became  greatly  incensed  against  Doct. 
Whitman,  because  he  did  not  exert  his  supposed  supernatural 
powers  in  saving  their  lives.  Some  pretended  even  that  he 
was  giving  them  poison,  that  he  might  effect  the  destruction  of 
their  tribe  ;  while  others  professed  their  unabated  confidence  in 
his  integrity.  For  the  purpose  of  putting  him  to  the  test,  it  is 
21 


242  OREGON  INDIANS.  [Report, 

said,  an  agreement  was  made  that  three  of  their  people  should 
take  his  medicines ;  and  it  is  also  said  that  all  of  them  died ; 
whereupon  it  was  resolved  to  make  war  upon  the  station.  As 
soon  as  the  last  victims  of  Doct.  Whitman's  imagined  treachery 
were  buried,  the  work  of  death  commenced. 

Mr.  Spalding  has  written  two  letters,  describing  this  dark 
tragedy  according  to  the  testimony  of  eye  witnesses,  one  of 
them  being  his  own  daughter  ;  but  the  details  are  too  revolting 
to  be  embodied  in  this  Report.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that  after  having 
been  struck  down  by  the  hand  of  violence,  the  persons  named 
above  were  permitted  to  linger  from  an  early  hour  in  the  after 
noon  till  late  in  the  night ;  and,  during  this  interval  of  intense 
suffering,  they  were  treated  with  almost  every  outrage  which 
savage  ferocity  could  inflict.  Five  other  Americans  fell  the 
same  day,  two  of  whom  left  each  a  widow  and  five  children. 
On  the  following  day  another,  having  a  wife  and  three  sons, 
was  killed.  *  Eight  days  later  two  others  were  dragged  from 
their  sick  beds,  and  slain  in  the  most  brutal  manner.  One  who 
escaped,  leaving  behind  him  a  wife  and  five  children,  is  sup 
posed  to  have  been  murdered  by  another  band  of  Indians. 
"  The  surviving  children  of  Doct.  Whitman's  family,"  writes 
Mr.  Spalding,  "  were  assembled  to  be  shot  in  the  room  where 
he  was  lying,  horribly  cut  and  mangled,  but  still  breathing. 
With  their  guns  in  their  hands,  the  Indians  stood  thick  around 
them,  waiting  the  order  to  fire.  My  daughter  was  among 
them,  and  understood  every  word  which  they  spoke.  At 
length  the  command  was  given  to  spare  them." 

RESCUE    OF    THE    CAPTIVES. 

A  large  number  of  women  and  children  were  held  by  the 
Indians  as  captives  for  nearly  one  month,  during  which  period 
three  of  them  died.  By  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Ogden,  Chief  Factor 
of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  at  Fort  Vancouver,  who  deserves 
the  warmest  thanks  of  the  Committee  and  the  Board,  the  sur 
vivors  were  at  length  redeemed,  after  they  had  suffered  almost 
every  wrong  and  indignity  from  the  hands  of  their  enemies. 
The  same  benevolent  individual  sent  an  order  to  the  Nez  Per- 
ces  to  deliver  up  Mr.  Spalding  and  his  family,  together  with 
the  other  Americans  at  Clear  Water  ;  who,  consequently,  joined 
the  captives  from  Waiilatpu  at  Walla  Walla,  making  sixty  in 
all,  January  1st.  They  proceeded  thence  to  Fort  Vancouver, 
where  they  arrived  January  8th  ;  and  four  days  later  Mr.  Ogden 
formally  delivered  the  rescued  party  to  the  Governor  of  the  ter 
ritory  at  Oregon  City.  "  Our  arrival,"  says  Mr.  Spalding,  "  was 
greeted  by  three  guns  and  a  hearty  welcome  of  the  citizens, 
who  mingle  freely  their  tears  of  grief  with  ours  at  the  terrible 


1848.]  OREGON  INDIANS.  243 

calamity  which  has  befallen  the  country,  as  also  their  tears  of 
joy  that  so  many,  by  the  interposing  hand  of  Providence,  have 
escaped."  "  The  benevolence  of  the  city  soon  found  places 
for  the  widows  and  afflicted  families.  Governor  Abernethy 
and  his  lady  kindly  offered  us  the  hospitalities  of  their  house, 
where  we  remained  for  a  few  days." 


MR. 

The  perils  and  exposures  of  Mr.  Spalding,  prior  to  his  being 
sent  for  by  Mr.  Ogden,  as  mentioned  above,  demand  a  separate 
notice.  The  narrative  will  be  given  in  his  own  language. 

At  the  time  of  the  massacre,  which  was  at  noon-day,  I  was  at  the  Utilla, 
twenty  miles  west  of  Waiilatpu,  and  remained  there,  visiting  the  sick  and 
preaching  to  the  Indians,  till  Wednesday  morning ;  at  which  time  I  left  for 
the  residence  of  Doct.  Whitman.  Having  arrived  within  two  miles  of  the 
station,  I  met  a  Catholic  priest,  his  interpreter,  and  a  Kayuse  Indian.  This 
Indian  had  accompanied  the  priest  with  a  view  to  shoot  me  on  meeting  me,  as 
they  expected  me  that  day.  Providentially  he  had  stopped  to  smoke,  and,  in 
lighting  his  pipe,  had  accidentally  discharged  his  pistol.  The  hand  of  the 
Lord  prevented  him  from  reloading ;  and  in  this  situation  he  met  me.  He 
wheeled  to  reload  in  a  secret  place,  and  wait  my  coming  up.  In  the  mean 
time  the  priest  informed  me  of  the  massacre.  He  said  that  the  Indian  had 
accompanied  him  for  the  purpose  of  killing  me,  and  he  feared  for  me.  He 
said  that  he  camped  at  the  Indian  village  one  mile  from  the  station  the  night 
before,  and  there  had  baptized  the  children  of  the  murderers  that  morning ; 
after  which  he  went  to  the  house  to  see  the  women  and  children,  and  to  as 
sist  in  burying  the  dead.  He  said  that  my  daughter  was  alive ;  that  the 
chief  had  assured  him  the  women  and  children  should  not  be  killed  ;  that  all 
Frenchmen,  Hudson  Bay  men,  and  Catholics  should  not  be  hurt ;  that  only 
Protestants  or  Americans  should  be  destroyed.  I  asked  him  to  take  charge 
of  my  three  horses,  one  packed ;  and  also  asked  him  to  look  after  my  daugh 
ter  and  the  women  and  children.  He  furnished  me  with  a  little  food,  and  I 
wheeled  upon  the  plains. 

In  the  mean  time  the  Indian  waited  for  me  to  come  along.  At  length  he 
mounted  and  pursued  after  the  priest,  thinking  I  had  returned  with  him ;  but 
not  finding  me  with  him,  he  was  obliged  to  return  to  the  place  of  our  meet 
ing,  before  he  could  take  my  track,  which  he  followed  ;  but  the  thick  dark 
ness  of  the  night  came  on  before  he  overtook  me.  I  fled  all  night,  changing 
my  course  from  the  Wallamette  to  the  Nez  Perces  country  and  my  own  home. 
I  crossed  the  Walla  Walla  river,  kept  the  high  grass,  where  the  Indians  the 
next  day  lost  my  trail,  followed  the  Tusha  in  its  windings  till  light,  and  then 
lay  by  next  day.  Next  nigrht  I  continued  up  the  Tusha,  struck  the  trail  from 
Walla  Walla  to  my  place,~slept  a  few  moments,  and  proceeded.  Soon  after 
I  heard  the  tramp  of  horses,  coming  directly  in  the  trail  from  the  station  of 
Messrs.  Walker  and  Eells  to  Waiilatpu.  This,  I  thought,  is  no  other  than  a 
band  of  Kayuse  Indians  returning  from  the  murder  of  those  brethren.  Doubt 
less  all  are  cut  off  at  my  station  also,  and  I  am  alone  in  the  Indian  country. 
I  wheeled  my  horse  from  the  trail,  lay  flat,  and  seized  him  by  the  nose  to 
prevent  him  from  calling  out  to  the  passing  horses.  Darkness  prevented 
them  from  seeing  me.  What  that  band  was,  I  know  not.  It  is  certain  they 
had  not  been  to  the  station  of  Messrs.  Walker  and  Eells.  About  light  I 
stopped  to  bait  my  horse,  when  he  escaped,  leaving  me  to  perform  the  rest 
of  the  journey  (ninety  miles)  on  foot,  without  food.  I  was  also  obliged  to 
leave  my  blanket,  and  even  my  boots,  as  they  were  too  small  for  traveling. 


244  OREGON  INDIANS.  [Report, 

I  have  not  time  to  give  the  interesting  events  of  the  remaining  part  of  the 
route.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that,  lying  by  days,  on  Monday  night,  the  sixth  of 
my  flight,  I  entered  an  Indian  lodge,  near  my  house,  which  had  been  vacated 
that  day  by  Mrs.  Spalding ;  and  the  news  went  to  her  that  I  had  arrived. 
The  Nez  Perces  received  me  kindly,  and  treated  us  with  friendship,  while 
we  remained.  They  said  they  would  protect  us  from  harm  from  the  Kayuses, 
if  we  would  protect  them  from  harm  from  the  Americans.  This  we  agreed 
to  do,  if  they  would  keep  their  hands  clean  from  blood  and  plunder.  There 
were  with  us  my  brother-in-law,  Messrs.  Craig,  Jackson,  Canfield,  and  two 
Frenchmen.  We  built  a  log  building  to  protect  ourselves ;  not  knowing 
when  we  could  leave  the  country,  as  it  was  plain  that  we  should  not  be  able 
to  depart  unless  by  the  interposition  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company.  In  fact 
it  was  certain  that  should  the  Kayuse  Indians  learn  that  the  Americans  were 
coming  up  to  avenge  the  death  of  the  slain,  they  would  immediately  fall  upon 
the  captives  at  Waiilatpu,  fifty-two  in  all,  and  cut  them  off,  and  would  also 
be  likely  to  make  an  attack  upon  the  stations  of  Clear  Water  and  Tshi- 
makain. 

The  Nez  Perces  generally  manifested  a  friendly  spirit  to  Mr. 
Spalding  and  his  family  in  these  trying  circumstances.  A 
large  party  of  them,  indeed,  assembled  at  his  house,  a  few 
hours  before  his  return,  with  the  design  of  robbing  it,  and  turn 
ing  out  Mrs.  Spalding  and  the  children  on  the  plains,  or  making 
them  slaves.  But  better  counsels  prevailed.  Mrs.  Spalding 
was  assisted  in  removing  to  a  place  ten  miles  distant ;  and  the 
house  was  guarded  by  one  of  the  chiefs  till  the  station  was 
abandoned. 


TSHIMAKAIN    ABANDONED. 

Messrs.  Walker  and  Eells  experienced  much  sympathy  and 
kindness,  after  the  destruction  of  Waiilatpu,  from  the  Indians 
among  whom  they  were  laboring.  From  other  tribes,  how 
ever,  who  were  arraying  themselves  against  the  whites,  they 
did  not  deem  themselves  secure.  Indeed,  it  was  entirely  un 
certain  how  far  the  hostile  combination  might  extend,  and  what 
course  it  would  pursue.  And  even  the  approach  of  an  Ameri 
can  force  to  punish  the  wrong  doers  might  not  be  altogether 
free  from  peril.  At  length,  therefore,  after  a  variety  of  rumors, 
more  or  less  startling,  had  been  brought  to  Tshimakain,  Messrs. 
Walker  and  Eells  deemed  it  expedient  to  remove  their  families 
to  Fort  Colville.  Accordingly,  on  the  15th  of  March,  they  left 
their  station  for  this  place,  where  they  remained  at  the  date  of 
their  last  communications.  These  brethren  acknowledge  them 
selves  under  very  great  obligation  to  Mr.  Lewes,  the  Chief 
Factor  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  at  Fort  Colville,  for  ten 
dering  to  them  a  temporary  home. 


1848.]  CHOCTAWS.  245 


MISSION  TO  THE  CHOCTAWS. 

WHEELOCK. — Alfred  Wright,  Missionary  ;  Henry  K.  Copeland  and  Edwin  Lathrop,  As 
sistant  Missionaries  ;  Mrs.  Harriet  B.  Wright,  Mrs.  Abigail  Copeland  ;  Misses  Sarah  Ker, 
Cornelia  C.  F.  Dolbear,  and  Caroline  Dickinson,  Teacher-s  and  Assistants ;  Pliny  Fisk,  Na- 
tirv  Preacher. 

STOCKBRIDGE. — Cyrus  Byington,  Missionary  ;  David  H.  Winship,  Steward  of  the  Board 
ing  School ;  Mrs.  Sophia  N.  Byington,  Mrs.  Winship ;  Misses  Lydia  S.  Hall  and  Harriet  N. 
Keyes,  Teachers  and  Assistants. 

PINE  RIUGE. — Cyrus  Kingsbury,  Missionary  ;  David  Breed,  Steward  of  the  Boarding 
School;  Mrs.  Electa  M.  Kingsbury,  Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Breed ;  Misses  Harriet  Goulding,  Han- 
iiah  Bennet,  Juliet  Slate,  and  Mary  Ann  Root,  Teachers  and  Assistants. 

GOOD  WATER. — Ebenezer  Hotchkin,  Missionary ;  Mrs.  Philena  T.  Hotchkin  5  Misses  Lu- 
cinda  Downer,  Catharine  Belden  arid  Caroline  A.  Fox,  Teachers  and  Assistants. 

NOR  WALK.— Charles  C-  Copeland,  Licensed  Preacher',  Horace  W.  Pitkin,  Teacher  ;  Mrs. 
Cornelia  Copeland  ;  Miss  Marcia  Colton,  Assistant. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT.— Joshua  Potter,  John  C.  Strong1,  Missionaries;  Mrs.  Potter,  Mrs. 
Strong  ;  Misses  Catharine  Fay  and  Jerusha  Edwards,  Teachers  and  Assistants. 

OUT-STATIONS. — Bushpotupa's  and  Good  Land. 

(6  stations,  2  out-stations  ;  6  missionaries,  1  licensed  preacher,  5  male  and  25  female  as 
sistant  missionaries,  1  native  preacher  ;— total,  38.) 

It  is  now  thirty  years  since  the  mission  to  the  Choctaws  was 
commenced  by  Messrs.  Kingsbury  and  Williams.  During  the 
first  third  of  this  period,  however,  but  little  success  attended 
the  efforts  of  the  brethren  who  were  then  in  the  field.  The 
number  of  those  who  gave  satisfactory  evidence  of  a  Christian 
life,  was  small.  In  the  Annual  Report  of  1828,  it  was  said  : 
"  The  faith  of  the  missionaries  has  been  tried  by  a  long  strug 
gle  against  ignorance  and  sin,  with  comparatively  few  encour 
agements  from  seeing  the  natives  become  pious,  or  sincerely 
inquiring  on  the  subject  of  religion."  Even  the  schools  estab 
lished  for  the  improvement  and  education  of  the  people  had 
failed  to  realize  all  the  hopes  of  their  founders. 


SPIRITUAL    RESULTS    OF    THE    MISSION. 

About  twenty  years  ago  the  mission  entered  upon  a  more 
aggressive  plan  of  operations.  They  perceived,  as  they 
thought,  indications  that  the  set  time  to  favor  this  tribe  of  In 
dians  had  come.  Greater  prominence  was  given  to  the  simple 
and  earnest  preaching  of  the  gospel.  Meetings  were  held,  not 
only  with  more  frequency,  but  in  places  where  the  message  of 
salvation  had  never  been  heard  before.  The  Master  was  pleas 
ed  to  bless  the  dispensation  of  his  truth,  and  our  brethren  were 
often  cheered  by  the  inquiry,  "  What  shall  I  do  to  be  saved  ?  " 
From  that  time  to  the  present,  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  has  al 
most  constantly  displayed  his  converting  power ;  and  the  Choc- 


246 


CHOCTAWS. 


[Report, 


taw  churches  have  now  a  large  body  of  communicants.  In 
the  Annual  Report  of  1829,  the  Committee  were  enabled  to 
announce  the  addition  of  fifty  or  sixty  native  converts  to  the 
mission  churches.  The  distracting  influence  of  the  treaties  of 
March,  1830,  (not  ratified  by  the  Senate,)  and  of  September, 
1830,  did  not  wholly  arrest  the  good  work  previously  in  pro 
gress ;  and  in  1831  the  number  of  communicants,  not  under 
censure,  was  about  three  hundred  and  sixty.  But  the  removal 
of  the  nation  to  its  present  home,  commencing  in  the  autumn 
of  1831,  especially  when  taken  in  connection  with  the  dis 
tracting  and  demoralizing  influences  which  grew  out  of  this 
change,  materially  retarded  the  increase  of  the  churches  for 
several  years.  Indeed,  the  whole  number  of  church  members, 
brought  together  in  the  Indian  territory  in  1833,  was  only  one 
hundred  and  eighty  ;  some  having  remained  in  the  old  nation, 
others  having'  died  upon  the  way,  others  still  having  fallen  by 
the  diseases  which  now  came  upon  them  with  such  desolating 
power,  and  many  having  been  scattered  abroad  as  sheep  with 
out  a  shepherd.  And  so  late  as  the  year  1840,  the  communi 
cants  in  regular  standing  amounted  to  only  two  hundred  and 
twenty-five,  the  great  mortality  among  the  Choctaws  having 
created  vacancies,  during  two  or  three  years,  faster  than  they 
were  supplied  by  new  converts.  For  the  last  eight  years,  how 
ever,  -the  blessing  of  the  Lord  has  been  with  the  mission,  in  a 
very  remarkable ,  manner.  The  gospel  has  been  listened  to 
with  interest  and  profit,  and  the  additions  to  the  churches  have 
been  constant  and  gratifying. 

The  following  table,  compiled  from  the  Annual  Reports  for 
a  series  of  years,  will  show  the  progress  made  in  this  depart 
ment  of  the  missionary  .work.'  Few  missions  in  the  world  can 
point  to  more  cheering  results. 

Years.        Yearly  Additions.     Whole  Number.*       Years.        Yearly  Additions.     Whole  Number 


1833, 

14 

1834, 

21 

1835, 

29 

1836, 

34 

1837, 

26 

1838, 

10 

1839, 

2 

1840, 

26 

180 
195 
212 
221 
225 

205 
225 


1841, 
1842, 
1843, 
1844, 
1845, 
1846, 
1847, 
1848, 


128 

51 

120 

100 

85 

218 

120 

174 


314 

350 
459 
549 
603 
769 
795 
914 


If  now  we  add  to  the  sum  total  of  "  yearly  additions,"  em 
braced  in  the  faregoirig  table,  the  four  hundred  who  were  re 
ceived  into  the  church  in  the  old  nation,  we  shall  find  that  the 
whole  number  admitted  to  the  privileges  of  Christ's  house, 
from  the  beginning,  exceeds  fourteen  hundred  !  It  may  be 
asked,  perhaps,  why  these  churches  are  no  larger  at  the  present 
time.  The  answer  is  ( I)  that  many  communicants  were  scat- 


1848.]  CHOCTAWS.  247 

tered  and  lost  during  the  removal  which  followed  the  treaty  of 
1830  ;  (2)  the  deaths  have  been  very  numerous,  owing  in  part 
to  the  diseases  occasioned  by  this  change  of  country  ;  (3)  not  a 
few  have  been  cut  off  in  the  course  of  discipline. 


GENERAL    IMPROVEMENT    OF    THE    CHOCTAWS. 

It  was  hardly  to  be  expected  that  the  progress  of  the  people 
in  general  intelligence,  industry,  and  the  arts  of  life,  should  be 
equally  marked  an4  rapid.  Whenever',  in  a  heathen  communi 
ty,  churches  are  multiplied  and  strengthened  by  unusual  dis 
plays  of  God's  converting  grace,  Christianity  will  be  sure  to 
outrun  civilization.  The  most  degraded  idolater  may  become, 
in  a  moment,  the  friend  of  Immanuel,  and  thus  secure  a  good 
hope  of  eternal  blessedness ;  but  never,  perhaps,  during  his 
whole  life  will  he  attain  to  any  considerable  elevation  as  an 
intellectual  and  social  being.  And  the 'same  general  law  ap 
plies  to  communities.  The  reconstruction  of  society,  in  what 
ever  circumstances,  is  a  work  which  requires  time  and  patient 
effort ;  and  the  gospel  even  (however  rapid  the  moral  transfor 
mation  it  produces)  merely  accelerates  the  process. 

Still  the  Choctaws  have  made  very  commendable  advances 
in  education,  government,  husbandry,  and  domestic  comfort. 
Indeed,  they  are  not  by  any  means  the  people  whom  the  first 
missionaries  found  in  their  ancient  home.  While  there  is  some 
.diversity  in  their  personal  appearance,  and  more  in  their  style 
of  living,  all  who  may  be  considered  as  having  fairly  come 
under  the  influence  of  the  gospel,  show  a  degree  of  improve 
ment  that  is  manifest  and  decided  ;  and  not  a  few  are  bright 
examples  of  what  a  Christian  civilization  can  accomplish.  And 
such  is  the  general  aspect  of  the  country,  that  a  stranger  who 
enters  it  from  the  States,  will  scarcely  notice  the  transition,  till 
he  is  reminded  of  it  by  the  complexion  of  the  people. 

It  should  be  kept  in  mind,  moreover,  that  whatever  improve 
ment  has  taken  place  in  this  tribe  of  Indians,  has  been  gained 
in  the  face  of  the  most  serious  obstacles.  Could  the  missiona 
ries,  at  the  commencement  of  their  labors,  have  drawn  aroimd 
them  a  moral  cordon  sanitaire,  and  excluded  every  adverse  in 
fluence  which  the  white  man  was  destined  to  exert ;  and  could 
they,  at  the  same  time,  have  expelled  all  the  unhallowed  leaven 
which  they  found  already  at  work,  far  different  would  have 
been  the  state  of  the  Choctaw  community  at  the  present  time. 
Intemperance  and  slavery,  to  say  nothing  of  kindred  and  at 
tendant  evils,  would  have  been  unknown.  The  whole  nation 
would  have  become  more  orderly,  industrious,  intelligent  and 
moral.  There  would,  especially,  be  less  of  that  recklessness 
in  regard  to  human  life,  which  is  a  somewhat  painful  feature  of 


248  CHOCTAWS.  [Report, 

Choctaw  society ;  and  there  would  also  be  a  more  stem  and 
rigorous  infliction  of  the  penalty  of  the  law  on  notorious  trans 
gressors. 

EDUCATION. 

The  interest  taken  by  the  Choctaws,  even  from  the  com 
mencement  of  the  mission,  in  the  intellectual  advancement  of 
the  nation,  has  been  highly  praiseworthy.  Often,  indeed,  there 
has  seemed  to  be  a  lack  of  that  just  appreciation  of  the  benefits 
of  a  Christian  education,  which  was  to  be  desired  and  hoped 
for ;  and  the  missionaries  have  at  times  been  much  tried  by  the 
fickleness  and  inconstancy  of  those  from  whom  they  expected 
better  things.  But  the  policy  of  the  nation,  as  such,  has  been 
remarkably  liberal ;  as  will  appear  from  the  following  table, 
(prepared  by  Mr.  Byingtori,  on  the  authority  of  Cols.  Pitchlyn 
and  HarkinSj)  showing  the  sums  appropriated  for  educational 
purposes.  Only  a  small  part  of  this  amount,  however,  has  pass 
ed  through  the  hands  of  the  mission. 

Date  of  Treaty.  Annual  Grant.  Number  of  Years.  Total. 

1816,                        $6,000                       16  $96,000 

1820,                    (54  sections  of  land  valued  at)  60,000 

1824,                           6,000                       20*  120,000 

J830,                          2,500                      25  62,500 

1830,  (provision  for  40  youth  20  years  $10,000)  200,000 

1836,                         18,000                       20  360,000 


$898,500 

Of  course  it  will  not  be  inferred  from  this  statement,  that  all 
these  sums  have  been  actually  expended  for  education  ;  much 
less  that  they  have,  in  every  instance,  been  expended  in  the 
best  manner.  For  example,  only  a  part  of  the  allowance  for 
Choctaw  youth  is  believed  to  have  been  paid,  in  point  of  fact, 
by  the  United  States  Government ;  nor  has  the  benefit  expected 
from  this  arrangement,  even  where  it  has  gone  into  effect,  been 
fully  realized.  Still  the  appropriation  of  such  large  sums  for 
such  an  object,  by  such  a  people,  is  worthy  of  special  commen 
dation,  as  having  no  parallel  in  history. 

It  will  be  seen,  by  a  reference  to  the  foregoing  table,  that 
$26,500  are  annually  expended  by  the  Choctaw  nation  for 
schools  at  the  present  time.  Of  this  amount  $8,933  are  paid 
to  our  missionaries,  toward  the  support  of  the  five  boarding 
schools  under  their  care. 

As  an  indispensable  auxiliary  in  the  execution  of  their  plans, 
the  missionaries  have  made  frequent  use  of  the  press.  Messrs. 
Wright,  Byington  and  Williams  directed  their  attention,  at 

*  This  grant  has  been  made  perpetual. 


1848.]  CHOCTAWS.  249 

an  early  day,  to  the  acquisition  of  the  native  language  ;  and 
Mr.  Byingtori  has  had  a  grammar  and  vocabulary  in  manuscript 
for  a  number  of  years.  Messrs.  Wright  and  Byington  have  de 
voted  more  or  less  time  to  the  preparation  of  Choctaw  books 
and  tracts.  Mr.  Wright,  indeed,  has  expended  much  labor  in 
this  department ;  and  he  is  now  engaged  in  carrying  an  edition 
of  the  entire  New  Testament  through  the  press,  at  the  expense 
of  the  American  Bible  Society.  In  the  course  of  a  few  weeks, 
therefore,  it  is  hoped  that  this  portion  of  the  Scriptures  will  be 
made  accessible  to  the  whole  Choctaw  community.  A  list  of 
the  works  which  have  been  published  by  the  mission  in  the 
vernacular  language,  from  the  commencement  of  the  mission, 
will  be  found  in  the  Appendix. 


PRESENT    PROSPERITY    OF    THE    CHURCHES. 

Having  taken  this  hasty  survey  of  the  work  which  the  mis 
sion  has  been  permitted,  with  the  blessing  of  God,  thus  far  to 
accomplish,  the  Committee  now  turn  to  the  events  of  the  past 
year.  And  they  are  happy  in  being  able  to  say,  that  the  divine 
favor  has  continued  to. rest  upon  the  labors  of  our  brethren  to 
the  present  time.  The  same  readiness  to  listen  to  the  gospel, 
which  has  been  noticed  in  previous  years,  may  again  be  men 
tioned  as  a  pleasing  characteristic  of  a  portion  of  the  people. 
Nor  have  they  been  hearers  of  the  Word  merely ;  many,  it  is 
believed,  have  become  doers  of  the  same  ;  and  not  a  few,  it  will 
be  seen,  have  publicly  entered  into  covenant  with  God  and  his 
people. 

Mr.  Treat  (who  spent  the  month  of  February  in  visiting  the 
different  stations  under  the  care  of  this  mission)  was  particular 
ly  struck  with  the  solemn  and  earnest  attention  of  the  assem 
blies  which  he  addressed.  The  first  Sabbath  he  spent  at  Good 
Land,  an  out-station  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Hotchkin.  In  this 
district,  formerly  one  of  the  most  degraded  in  the  nation,  there 
was  scarcely  a  professor  of  religion,  three  years  ago.  Now 
there  are  one  hundred  and  fifty  church  members  in  regular 
standing.  And  it  gives  the  Committee  much  pleasure  to  recog 
nize  the  agency  of  a  native,  as  intimately  connected  with  this 
result.  A  house  of  worship  has  recently  been  erected  ;  and  on 
the  occasion  of  this  visit,  it  was  filled  to  overflowing.  In  the 
afternoon  one  hundred  and  twenty  communicants,  one-half  of 
them  being  males,  gathered  around  the  table  of  our  common 
Lord.  The  Holy  Spirit  was  manifestly  present.  On  the  fol-. 
lowing  Sabbath  a  large  congregation  came  together  in  the  neat 
and  commodious  church  at  Wheelock  ;  and  the  services  (which 
were  similar  to  those  at  Good  Land)  seemed  to  have  the  bless 
ing  of  the  Great  Head  of  the  Church.  At  Stockbridge,  on  the 


250 


CHOCTAWS. 


[Report, 


next  Sabbath,  the  assembly  was  smaller  ;  but  the  truth  appear 
ed  to  fall  upon  some  hearts  as  seed  upon  good  ground.  The 
congregation  at  Pine  Ridge,  on  the  last  Sabbath  in  February, 
though  less  homogeneous  than  the  others,  was  solemn  and  at 
tentive  during  all  the  exercises  of  the  day.  Mr.  Treat  left  the 
Choctaw  nation  fully  persuaded  that,  for  several  years  past,  a 
genuine  and  very  pleasing  work  of  grace  had  been  going  for 
ward  within  its  borders.  And  from  accounts  lately  received,  it 
is  evident  that  God  is  still  rendering  the  Word  quick  and 
powerful,  particularly  at  Wheelock  and  its  vicinity. 

The  nature  of  the  field  occupied  by  the  mission  requires  a 
large  amount  of  labor.  For  instance,  the  entire  district  com 
mitted  to  Mr.  Hotchkin  is  forty  miles  long  and  ten  or  twelve 
broad  ;  and  meetings  are  held  at  four  different  places,  by  him 
or  his  elders,  almost  every  Sabbath.  Mr.  Wright's  district  is 
still  more  extensive  ;  and  he  has  nine  different  preaching  places, 
at  nearly  all  of  which  religious  instruction  is  given  regularly. 
He  is  assisted,  however,  by  Messrs.  C.  C.  Copeland  and  Pliny 
Fisk  (a  very  acceptable  Choctaw  preacher),  and  by  others. 
Mr.  ByingtoVs  church  members  are  scattered  over  a  territory 
of  thirty  miles  by  twenty-two,  and  he  has  seven  places  for 
public  worship.  As  the  Choctaws  seldom  live  compactly,  the 
brethren  have  long  deemed  it  advisable,  and  have,  therefore, 
been  accustomed  to  hold  two  days'  meetings,  at  stated  seasons, 
and  in  different  localities.  Such  were  the  meetings  which  Mr. 
Treat  attended  last  winter  ;  and  they  seemed  to  him  to  be  well 
adapted  to  the  character  and  circumstances  of  the  people. 

The  present  condition  of  the  churches  connected  with  this 
mission,  as  also  the  additions  made  to  them  during  the  past 
year,  will  appear  from  the  following  table : 


Additions.  Present  JVo. 

4  57 

22  64 

2  56 


Churches.              Additions. 

Wheelock,            35 
Stockbridge,         23 
Pine  Ridge,            6 
Good  Water,        82 
Mount  Pleasant, 

Present  No. 

255 

109 
57 
280 
36 

Churches. 

Chickasaw, 
Six  Towns, 
May  hew, 

174 


914 


The  Committee  are  happy  to  find  that  there  is  an  increasing 
willingness  on  the  part  of  these  churches,  not  only  to  contri 
bute  to  objects  of  benevolence  within  the  nation,  but  also  to 
remember  the  benighted  and  lost  in  distant  lands.  Collections 
were  taken  up  last  winter  of  a  very  gratifying  character,  and 
more  may  be  expected  hereafter. 


SCHOOLS. 


Next  to  the  churches,  the   boarding  schools  claim  our  atten 
tion  as  the  most  striking  feature  of  the  Choctaw  mission.     Mr. 


1848.]  CHOCTAWS.  251 

Treat  was  highly  gratified  with  the  ability  and  faithfulness  of 
the  teachers  employed  in  these  institutions,  as  also  with  their 
general  management.  The  course  of  instruction  appears  to  be 
appropriate  and  thorough,  and  the  proficiency  of  the  pupils  is 
all  that  can  reasonably  be  expected.  The  leading  men  of  the 
nation,  who  very  naturally  and  properly  take  a  deep  interest  in 
the  successful  working  of  a  system  to  which  they  have  con 
tributed  so  liberally,  seem  to  be  more  than  satisfied  with  the 
results  thus  far  obtained. 

It  is  the  design  of  these  schools  to  take  a  certain  number  of 
children,  and  place  them  (except  in  vacations)  under  the  ex 
clusive  direction  of  Christian  teachers  and  guardians.  They 
are  not  allowed  to  use  their  native  tongue,  unless  it  be  in  a  very 
few  excepted  cases ;  but  they  must  employ  the  English  lan 
guage,  in  which  alone  their  text-books  are  printed.  The  rou 
tine  of  study  is  similar  to  that  which  has  been  introduced  into 
our  own  schools.  Religious  instruction,  however,  holds  a  much 
more  prominent  place ;  hence  the  comparatively  large  number 
of  the  pupils  (between  thirty  and  forty)  who  have  professedly 
become  new  creatures  in  Christ  Jesus.  And  this  fact  accounts, 
in  part,  for  the  habits  of  order  and  propriety  which  are  so  gene 
ral  in  these  schools.  There  is  no  governing  or  regulating 
power  for  the  young  like  that  which  is  derived  from  the  word 
of  God. 

In  addition  to  those  branches  which  are  taught  among  us, 
instruction  is  given  in  the  arts  and  employments  of  domestic 
life.  The  pupils  in  the  girls'  schools  are  required  to  perform  the 
ordinary  work  of  a  household,  that  they  may  carry  with  them 
to  their  homes,  and  into  all  their  future  relations  in  society,  a 
kind  of  knowledge  which  is  essential  to  the  permanent  im 
provement  of  such  a  community.  In  the  school  at  Good 
Water,  "thirteen  have  learned  to  cut  and  fit  dresses;  forty-two 
can  card  and  spin  cotton  ;  and  nine  can  weave.  Forty  yards  of 
cloth  have  been  woven  the  last  term,  the  filling  of  which  was 
all  spun  by  the  smaller  girls." 

In  regard  to  the  boys  in  the  school  at  Norwalk,  taught  by 
Mr.  Pitkin,  Mr.  Copeland  says,  "  Their  progress  in  their  daily 
lessons  has  been  good,  and  their  labor  has  been  turned  to  good 
account.  They  have  earned,  in  play  hours,  ten  or  twelve  dol 
lars,  which  they  have  cheerfully  cast  into  the  treasury  of  the 
Lord."  Special  care  has  been  taken  to  impart  to  the  pupils  a 
knowledge  of  music  ;  and  their  proficiency  is  very  remarkable. 
And  what  is  more  important  still,  some  of  them  manifest  a 
good  deal  of  interest  in  religious  instruction  ;  and  they  are  evi 
dently  obtaining  clearer  views  of  divine  truth. 

The  following  table,  compiled  from  the  latest  reports,  will 
show  the  number  of  pupils  in  these  schools. 


252  CHOCTAWS.  [Report, 

Boarded  at  the  Cost      Other        Day 
Churches.  of  the  Nation.     Boarders.  Scholars.        Boys.          Girls.          Total. 

Wheelock,  24  5  14  43  43 

Stockb  ridge,  27  3  6  36  36 

Pine  Ridge,  24  10  1  34  35 

Good  Water,  44  8  52  52 

JNforwalk,  16  7  2  25  25 

135          25          30          26          164          190 

The  statistics  of  the  Pine  Ridge  boarding  school,  as  given 
above,  exhibit  its  condition  on  the  19th  of  March  last,  when, 
by  a  terrible  and  most  distressing  visitation  of  God,  it  was  sud 
denly  closed.  A  violent  tornado  swept  over  the  place,  and  laid 
the  station  in  ruins.  The  following  letter  from  Mr.  Kingsbury, 
addressed  to  Mr.  Treat  soon  after  his  return,  describes  this 
calamity  in  detail. 

As  you  have  been  here  so  recently,  and  remained  with  us  several  days, 
and  saw  the  smiling  and  happy  group  of  children  in  our  school  and  family  ; 
the  comfortable  and  convenient  buildings  ;  and  the  pleasant  fruit,  shade  and 
forest  trees  around  the  station,  you  will  be  prepared  to  appreciate  the  desola 
tion  by  which  we  are  now  surrounded.  Most  of  the  children  are  now  dis 
persed  to  their  several  homes  ;  the  greater  part  of  the  buildings  are  in  ruins ; 
and  all  the  trees  upon  the  hill  that  were  of  any  size,  are  either  broken  off  or 
uprooted,  and  lie  prostrate  on  the  ground.  The  only  building,  after  the  tor 
nado  had  passed,  which  could  in  the  least  shelter  the  numerous  and  suffering 
family,  was  the  old  log-house,  the  dining  room  and  kitchen  attached  to  it, 
and  the  two  small  bedrooms  also  connected  with  it.  The  roof  of  half  the 
dining  room  was  thrown  off. 

The  large  two  story  house,  occupied  by  Miss  Bennet  and  Miss  Slate,  and 
the  girls  under  their  charge,  was  carried  entirely  away,  except  the  lower 
floor  and  the  sills  and  sleepers  to  which  it  was  nailed.  The  bedsteads,  bu 
reau,  chairs,  tables,  benches,  and  most  of  the  other  articles  of  furniture,  were 
dashed  in  pieces.  A  double  brick  chimney,  standing  in  the  centre  of  the 
house,  was  thrown  down,  almost  to  the  foundation.  Seventeen  persons  were 
in  the  house  at  the  time  of  the  disaster ;  and  yet,  wonderful  to  relate,  a  hand 
unseen  preserved  the  life  of  every  individual !  The  injuries  sustained  were 
few,  and  in  most  cases  so  slight  as  not  to  be  regarded.  Miss  Slate  was  the 
greatest  sufferer.  She  was  found  with  her  lower  limbs  buried  under  the 
fallen  chimney.  She  was  considerably  bruised,  and  the  small  bone  of  one 
ancle  was  broken ;  but  so  great  was  her  solicitude  for  the  children  of  her 
charge,  that  it  was  hard  to  persuade  her  that  she  was  much  injured.  Miss 
Bennet  was  attempting  in  vain  to  close  the  front  door  of  her  room,  when 
she  heard  a  crash,  saw  the  house  parting  at  the  corners,  and  expected  it  was 
coming  down  upon  her  head.  The  next  she  knew,  she  was  lying  on  the 
ground,  near  to  where  the  house  had  stood,  having  been  carried  over  a  box 
and  barrel  of  lime,  and  having  received  only  some  slight  bruises.  Several 
of  the  children  were  more  or  less  injured.  One  little  girl  who  has  suffered 
most,  said  to  Miss  Goulding,  her  teacher :  "  Pray  God  to  bless  me,  for  I  am 
going  to  die."  She  was  not  as  badly  hurt,  however,  as  it  was  at  first  feared  ; 
and  she  is  now  nearly  recovered. 

My  son  and  two  hired  men  had  just  time  to  escape  from  the  house  in 
which  they  were,  when  it  was  leveled  with  the  ground  ;  and  amid  trees  fall 
ing  in  every  direction,  and  the  fragments  of  broken  buildings,  which  were 
hurled  through  the  air  with  great  violence,  they  were,  as  by  a  miracle,  pre 
served  from  harm,  except  a  few  slight  injuries. 


1848.]  CHOCTAWS.  253 

The  entire  roof  of  the  school  house,  together  with  the  piazzas,  was  blown 
off,  and  much  of  it  scattered  in  fragments  to  a  great  distance.  The  walls  of 
the  house  are  so  racked  that  it  may  be  necessary  to  take  them  down  before 
it  can  be  repaired.  The  study  which  you  occupied  while  here,  was  first  un 
roofed,  and  then  that  noble  pine  which  stood  near  it,  and  which  was  more 
than  thirty  inches  in  diameter,  was  broken  off  and  laid  directly  across  what 
remained  of  the  building,  crushing  it  to  the  ground.  Most  of  the  books  and 
papers  that  were  of  value,  were  preserved. 

Providentially  ten  members  of  our  family,  including  myself,  were  absent. 
Thirty-four  were  on  the  premises;  and  yet  so  sudden  and  terrific  was  the  de 
struction,  that  no  one  knew  what  was  done  until  all  was  over.  Even  those  in 
the  large  house  that  was  broken  in  pieces  and  carried  away,  knew  little  of 
what  had  taken  place,  until  they  found  themselves  lying  in  the  rain,  some  on 
the  floor  that  remained,  others  on  the  ground.  Not  an  animal  about  the 
station  was  killed,  except  a  few  chickens.  .Even  the  most  thoughtless  of 
those  who  came  to  witness  what  had  been  done,  were  constrained  to  say, 
"  This  is  the  hand  of  God."  "  No  power  but  that  of  the  Almighty  could 
have  preserved  so  many  lives,  amidst  such  universal  destruction." 

Our  kind  friends  from  Doaksville,  Fort  Towson,  and  the  neighborhood 
around,  and  who  had  beheld  at  a  distance  the  terrific  war  of  elements,  were 
soon  at  the  place,  ready  to  render  to  the  houseless,  wet  and  wounded,  all  that 
affectionate  sympathy  and  kind  attention,  which  their  circumstances  re 
quired.  On  the  three  following  days,  a  large  number  of  our  friends  and 
neighbors,  including  an  efficient  company  of  Choctaw  lads  from  Spencer 
Academy,  headed  by  their  teachers,  were  busily  employed  in  repairing  the 
dwelling  house  that  was  left  standing,  putting  a  roof  on  the  barn  to  secure 
the  corn  and  hay,  opening  a  way  through  the  fallen  trees,  removing  rubbish, 
and  in  putting  up  the  fences  around  the  garden  and  lots,  all  of  which  had 
been  leveled  to  the  ground.  Most  of  the  glass  in  the  windows,  not  only  of 
the  houses  destroyed,  but  also  of  the  one  that  was  left  standing,  was  broken. 

In  a  subsequent  letter,  Mr.  Kingsbury  says,  "  It  more  and 
more  excites  our  admiration,  and  calls  for  our  devout  gratitude, 
that  amid  the  destruction  of  almost  everything  else,  the  lives 
and  limbs  of  so  many  individuals  should  have  been  unharmed. 
Twelve  bedsteads  were  in  one  house ;  and  after  the  tornado, 
not  a  whole  one  could  be  made  from  what  remained  unbroken 
of  them  all.  And  yet  seventeen  females  were  in  the  iftilding  ; 
but  with  the  exception  of  the  small  bone  of  an  ancle,  riot  a 
limb  was  injured,  and  no  one  was  otherwise  seriously  injured.'' 
Measures  have  been  taken  to  repair  the  injury  done  to  the  sta 
tion  ;  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  school  will  be  opened  again  in 
the  course  of  a  few  weeks. 

The  day  school  at  Mount  Pleasant  has  been  continued,  and 
thirty  children  have  received  instruction  within  the  year.  The 
average  attendance,  however,  has  been  only  twelve,  a  smaller 
number  than  has  been  heretofore  reported,  owing  to  the  trans 
fer  of  some  of  the  pupils  to  the  boarding  schools. 

"  Saturday  and  Sabbath  schools  "  are  accomplishing  not  a 
little  for  the  Choctaw  community.  Though  they  are  not  al 
ways  successful,  they  generally  impart  the  elements  of  knowl 
edge,  and  thus  enable  the  learner  to  read  the  works  which  have 
been  published  in  his  native  tongue,  if  nothing  more.  As 
22 


254  CHEROKEES.  [Report, 

these  are  all  useful,  being  intended  to  improve  either  his  under 
standing  or  his  heart,  the  benefit  conferred  upon  him  in  this 
way  is  very  great.  The  people  are  becoming  more  and  more 
alive  to  this  fact ;  and  hence  there  is  a  call,  from  time  to  time, 
for  new  schools  of  this  description.  "  In  three  different  places," 
Mr.  Hotchkin  says,  June  30th,  in  speaking  of  his  field,  "  these 
schools  have  been  commenced  ;  and  another  is  to  be  opened 
to-morrow.  The  whole  number  of  pupils  will  be  one  hundred. 
The  man  of  thirty  or  thirty-five  is  here  seen  by  the  side  of  the 
little  boy  of  six  or  seven,  learning  to  read  his  own  language." 
The  following  extract  of  a  letter  from  Mr.  Potter  will  show  the 
value  of  these  schools. 

The  Saturday  and  Sabbath  school  at  Bennington  was  commenced  a  little 
more  than  a  year  since,  by  the  "Mount  Pleasant  Missionary  Society."  At 
first  the  school  met  in  the  piazza  of  a  log  house  ;  but  the  place  soon  became 
too  strait,  and  they  built  a  bower  in  the  woods.  At  the  commencement  of 
cold  weather,  last  fall,  they  built  a  rough  log  house,  eighteen  feet  by  twenty. 
Since  February  last,  the  interest  in  the  school  and  in  the  religious  meeting 
has  rapidly  increased  Early  in  the  spring,  I  was  requested  to  hold  a  mis 
sionary  meeting  at  that  place,  when  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  were 
subscribed  for  the  benefit  of  the  school.  An  intelligent  half  breed  was  im 
mediately  employed  to  teach  it  during  the  week.  The  school  averages  about 
twenty-five  pupils. 

They  have  a  Sabbath  school  and  also  a  meeting  every  Sabbath.  The 
congregation  averages  about  sixty-five.  A  large  portion  of  them  can  now 
read  the  Testament  in  their  own  language  ;  the  children,  however,  are  learn 
ing  English.  Much  interest  is  manifested  on  the  subject  of  religion.  About 
fifteen  have  come  forward  and  asked  Christians  to  pray  for  them.  A  number 
have  commenced  a  life  of  prayer,  and  expressed  a  wish  to  join  the  church. 

The  numerous  Sabbath  schools,  sustained  by  the  mission, 
appear  to  be  in  a  flourishing  state.  In  some  instances  the 
whole  congregation  become  either  teachers  or  learners,  thus 
going  uf  on  a  common  errand  to  Him  who  has  "  the  words  of 
eternal  life."  The  number  who  receive  instruction  in  this  way 
is  not  reported. 

Mr.  David  Breed  and  Mrs.  Breed,  Miss  Jerusha  Edwards,  and 
Miss  Caroline  A.  Fox,  joined  the  mission  last  winter.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Breed,  it  will  be  seen,  are  stationed  at  Pine  Ridge  ;  Miss 
Edwards  teaches  the  school  at  Mount  Pleasant ;  and  Miss  Fox 
is  an  assistant  at  Good  Water.  Miss  Hannah  Bennet  became 
connected  with  the  mission  a  few  weeks  earlier,  her  post  being 
also  at  Pine  Ridge. 


MISSION  TO  THE  CHEROKEES. 

UWIGHT.— Daniel  S.  Butrick.  Worcester  Willey,  Missionaries;  Jacob  Hitchcock,  James 
Orr,  and  Kellogg  Day,  Assistant  Missionaries;  Mrs.  Mary  Ann  Willey,  Mrs.  Nancy  B. 
Hitchcock,  Mrs.  Minerva  W.  Orr,  Mrs.  Mary  L.  Day ;  Misses  Eliza  Stetson,  Eliza  Gid- 
dings,  Julia  S.  Hitchcock,  Teachers  and  Assistants ;  one  native  assistant. 


1848.]  CHEROKEES.  255 

FAIKFIELD  — Elizur  Butler,  M.  D.,  Timothy  E.  Ranney,  Missianaries ;  Mrs.  Lucy  A. 
Butler,  Mrs.  Charlotte  T.  Ranney  ;  Miss  Esther  Smith,  Teacher  ;  one  native  assistant. 

PARK  HILL.— Samuel  A.  Worcester,  Missionary  ;  Stephen  Foreman,  Native  Preacher; 
Mrs.  Ann  O.  Worcester;  Miss  Ann  Eliza  Worcester,  Teacher;  Edwin  Archer,  Native 
Printer. 

HONEY  CREEK.— John  Huss,  Native  Preacher. 

(4  stations;  5  missionaries  (one  a  physician),  2  native  preachers,  3  male  and  12  female 
assistant  missionaries,  3  native  assistants  ; — total,  25.) 

As  we  have  just  adverted  to  the  progress  of  the  gospel  among 
the  Choctaws  during  the  last  thirty  years,  it  may  be  well,  in 
this  place,  to  glance  at  the  early  history  of  the  Cherokee  mis 
sion.  It  was  on  the  13th  of  January,  1817,  that  Mr.  Kings- 
bury  commenced  his  labors  at  Chickamaugha,  (afterwards  known 
as  Brainerd,)  in  the  old  nation.  The  blessing  of  God  attended 
the  preaching  of  the  Word,  almost  from  the  beginning.  In  the 
Annual  Report  of  1818,  it  was  stated  that  a  church  had  been 
organized  ;  to  which  there  had  been  admitted,  within  the  pre 
vious  six  months,  ten  or  twelve  persons,  "  who  before  were 
strangers  and  foreigners,  having  no  God  in  the  world."  Dur 
ing  the  next  ten  years  the  communicants  gradually  increased  ; 
and  in  1828  the  whole  number  in  regular  standing  amounted 
to  about  one  hundred  and  sixty.  Pew  missions,  in  so  short  a 
period,  have  gained  a  stronger  hold  upon  the  native  mind,  or 
shown  more  satisfactory  results  in  almost  every  particular. 

EFFECT  OF  THE  REMOVAL  OF  THE  CHEROKEES. 

About  this  time,  however,  a  new  and  disastrous  era  began  in 
the  history  of  the  Cherokees.  Their  ancient  and  cherished 
"  father-land  "  was  wanted  for  another  race.  As  was  perfectly 
natural,  they  were  filled  with  anxiety  and  alarm  ;  but  they  de 
termined  to  remain,  if  possible,  in  their  ancestral  home.  They 
made  their  appeal  to  natural  right,  to  solemn  treaties,  to  inter 
national  law.  They  pointed  to  their  recent  but  rapid  improve 
ment  ;  and  they  spoke  of  the  bright  hopes  they  had  begun  to 
indulge  of  future  progress.  But  vain  were  their  efforts.  True, 
they  had  argument,  strong  and  unanswerable,  on  their  side  j 
they  had  all  the  sympathy  from  the  benevolent  and  humane 
which  they  could  ask  ;  and  they  had  the  verdict  of  the  civil 
ized  world  in  their  favor.  But  there  was  an  iron  purpose,  long 
cherished  and  deeply  rooted,  which  demanded  their  removal ; 
and  this  they  could  neither  change  nor  resist. 

The  Committee  have  no  wish  to  dwell  upon  the  series  of 
events  which  ended  in  the  transfer  of  this  tribe  of  Indians  to 
their  present  territory.  They  make  this  passing  reference  to  it 
merely  to  account  for  the  fact,  that  the  success  of  the  mission, 
during  the*  last  twenty  years,  has  been  so  little  in  accordance 


256  CHEROKEES.  [Report, 

with  its  early  promise.  There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that, 
had  the  Cherokees  been  permitted  to  remain  undisturbed  in  the 
old  nation  ;  or  had  they  removed,  cordially  and  harmoniously, 
to  the  country  which  they  now  occupy,  they  would  have  fur 
nished  one  of  the  brightest  illustrations  of  the  transforming 
power  of  the  gospel  which  the  world  has  ever  seen.  But  when 
we  turn  to  the  scenes  through  which  they  have  passed  ;  when 
we  call  to  mind  the  wrongs  they  have  received,  and  the  suffer 
ings  they  have  endured  ;  when  we  think  of  the  dissensions  and 
animosities  and  deadly  strifes  which  were  sown  broadcast  among 
them,  the  fruit  whereof  has  come  down  almost  to  the  present 
hour ;  and  when  we  also  take  into  the  account  the  diminished 
power  of  the  missionaries  over  them,  (to  say  nothing  of  the 
consequent  decrease  in  the  number  of  laborers  employed,)  the 
wonder  is,  not  that  so  little  has  been  accomplished,  but  rather 
that  all  has  not  been  lost. 

There  was  a  time,  indeed,  prior  to  the  removal  of  the  Cher 
okees  beyond  the  Mississippi,  when  the  number  of  communi 
cants  had  risen  to  about  two  hundred  and  sixty  ;  and  this  not 
withstanding  the  disastrous  influences  constantly  at  work 
among  them.  But  a  large  proportion  of  these  were  never  gath 
ered  into  the  churches  organized  in  the  present  Indian  country. 
The  communicants  among  the  Arkansas  Cherokees  were  re 
ported  as  amounting  to  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  in  1836  ; 
but  the  whole  number  in  all  the  churches,  in  1841,  after  the 
removal  was  complete,  scarcely  exceeded  two  hundred  ;  and 
since  then  it  has  not  risen  higher  than  two  hundred  and  forty. 


GENERAL    IMPROVEMENT. 

In  other  respects,  however,  the  success  of  the  mission  has 
been  more  decisive  and  gratifying.  The  Cherokees,  it  would 
seem,  are  even  before  the  Choctaws  in  general  intelligence  and 
civilization.  Their  government  is  in  advance  of  all  other  In 
dian  governments  ;  and  Mr.  Treat  was  informed,  during  his 
late  visit  to  the  nation,  that  it  was  in  the  main  well  adminis 
tered.  Justice,  it  is  said,  is  meted  out  to  criminals  with  a  good 
deal  of  promptness  and  energy.  How  much  of  all  this  is  the 
result  of  the  missionary  labor  performed  by  our  brethren,  can 
not  be  easily  ascertained.  It  is  fair  to  presume,  however,  that 
a  large  share  of  it  may  be  ascribed  to  their  exertions. 

The  progress  made  by  the  nation  in  temperance  is  very  man 
ifest  and  encouraging.  There  are  some  three  thousand  mem 
bers  of  the  different  "  total  abstinence  societies";  and  the  gen 
eral  sentiment  of  the  people  is  against  the  sale  of  intoxicating 
liquors  within  their  bounds.  Indeed,  the  introduction  of  such 
liquors  is  rigorously  prohibited  by  law  ;  and  though  among 


1848.]  CHEROKEES.  257 

them  (as  more  frequently  in  the  States)  legal  enactments  are 
sometimes  evaded,  the  chief  blame  must  be  laid  at  the  door  of 
their  white  neighbors.  The  benefit  which  has  accrued  to  the 
Cherokees,  in  consequence  of  this  remarkable  change  in  their 
habits  and  practices,  is  owing,  in  large  measure,  to  the  efforts 
of  our  mission. 

And  the  same  may  be  said  of  the  good  accomplished  by 
means  of  the  press.  With  the  exception  of  what  has  been 
done  by  the  Baptist  mission,  (which  is  only  a  small  part  of  the 
whole,)  all  the  books  in  the  Cherokee  tongue  have  been  issued 
by  our  brethren.  In  speaking  of  their  utility,  Mr.  Worcester 
says, — "  They  are  exerting  an  extensive  and  permanent  influ 
ence  on  the  nation  ;  in  no  other  way,  indeed,  has  the  mission 
done  so  much  for  the  Gherokees  who  understand  only  their 
own  language.  Our  books  are  in  every  part  of  the  nation. 
Many  of  the  people  are  fond  of  reading  ;  and  those  who  are 
ignorant  of  English,  have  nothing  but  our  publications,  those 
of  our  Baptist  brethren,  and  the  Cherokee  Advocate,  to  which 
they  can  have  access.  They  are  completely  shut  out,  there 
fore,  from  all  bad  books."  A  schedule  of  these  publications 
will  be  found  in  the  Appendix. 

The  Cherokees  expend  less  for  education  than  the  Choctaws; 
indeed,  they  have  not  the  means  of  making  so  large  an  appro 
priation  for  such  an  object.  By  the  last  report  of  the  Superin 
tendent  of  Common  Schools,  however,  it  appears  that  twenty- 
one  neighborhood  schools  are  sustained  by  the  public  moneys, 
thirty-three  dollars  a  month  being  paid  to  each  teacher  ;  which 
is  a  liberal  compensation  in  that  country.  Two  high  schools, 
one  male  and  the  other  female,  have  been  established  by  law  ; 
and  the  necessary  buildings  are  now  in  the  course  of  erection, 
near  Tahlequah,  at  an  expense  of  fifteen  or  twenty  thousand 
dollars  each.  It  is  expected  that  two  hundred  pupils  will 
eventually  be  accommodated  in  both  schools,  receiving  board  as 
well  as  tuition  at  the  public  expense.  Measures  have  also  been 
taken  to  establish  a  large  orphan  school  ;  and  the  Prudential 
Committee,  in  common  with  three  other  missionary  organiza 
tions,  have  been  requested  to  say  upon  what  terms  they  will 
open  such  a  school.  They  have  felt  constrained,  however,  by 
a  variety  of  considerations,  to  decline  making  any  proposals. 
At  the  same  time  they  rejoice  that  the  nation  is  alive  to  the 
importance  of  such  an  institution  ;  and  they  hope  it  will  be 
commenced  under  favorable  auspices. 

The  desire  of  the  Cherokees  for  education  is  certainly  very 
commendable.  In  their  ability  to  read  and  write,  they  will 
stand  the  test  of  a  comparison  with  many  portions  of  the  civil 
ized  world.  The  structure  of  their  alphabet  affords  great  facil 
ities  for  taking  the  first  steps  in  the  acquisition  of  knowledge  ; 
22* 


258  CHEROKEE  s.  [Report, 

inasmuch  as  reading  and  writing  are  learned  at  the  same  time  ; 
and  one  individual,  at  least,  has  made  such  progress  as  to  write 
a  brief  note  on  the  very  first  day  that  he  received  instruction. 
The  honor  of  inventing  the  Cherokee  alphabet  belongs  exclu 
sively  to  George  Guess  ;  but  its  value  to  the  nation  has  been 
immeasurably  increased  by  the  labors  of  our  missionaries. 

OPERATIONS    OF    THE    PAST    YEAR. 

In  the  events  of  the  past  year  there  has  been  nothing  of  spe 
cial  interest  or  importance.  The  churches  have  enjoyed  the 
ordinances  of  the  gospel,  without  the  distractions  and  anxieties 
of  some  previous  years ;  but  the  good  Shepherd  has  been 
pleased  to  withhold  those  reviving  influences  of  his  grace  which 
are  so  refreshing  and  so  desirable.  It  is  hoped,  however,  that  a 
few  have  become  new  creatures  in  Christ  Jesus  ;  as  will  appear 
from  the  following  table,  showing  the  state  of  the  churches  at 
the  present  time,  as  also  the  reported  additions. 

Churches.  Additions.  Present  Number. 

D  wight,        ...  5 56 

Fairfield,      ...  5 85 

Park  Hill,  1 42 

Honey  Creek,  1 35 

12  218 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  Mount  Zion  church,  containing 
some  twenty-two  members,  is  not  embraced  in  this  table.  The 
reason  of  the  omission  is,  that  the  station  has  been  relinquished, 
and  the  members  are  to  transfer  their  relation  to  other  churches. 
Most  of  them  will  join  the  church  which  has  been  gathered  in 
the  neighborhood  by  the  United  Brethren.  For  some  time 
past,  in  fact,  Rev.  David  Z.  Smith,  the  missionary  at  Canaan, 
has  had  the  charge  of  the  Mount  Zion  station  ;  arid  he  will 
henceforth  regard  it  as  a  part  of  his  proper  field. 

Our  brethren  report  the  churches  under  their  care  as  being 
very  harmonious ;  indeed,  there  has  been  much  improvement 
among  the  Cherokees  generally  in  this  respect.  "  Efforts  in 
the  cause  of  temperance,"  they  say,  "have  met  with  a  good 
degree  of  success  ;  and  there  seems  to  be  an  increasing  desire 
to  hear  the  preached  gospel,  which  we  hope  is  the  precursor  of 
better  times.  A  written  application  has  been  made  to  the  mis 
sion  for  one  new  station  ;  and  "other  neighborhoods  appear  to  be 
inquiring  in  relation  to  the  subject."  The  people  are  evidently 
making  advances  in  civilization.  They  are  represented  as  be 
coming  more  industrious  and,  consequently,  more  contented 
and  happy. 

In  the  boarding  school  at  Dwight  there  were,  at  the  date  of 


1848.] 


CHEROKEES. 


259 


Mr,  Treat's  visit  to  that  station,  thirty-eight  pupils,  thirty-five 
being  then  in  attendance.  With  the  general  appearance  of  this 
institution  he  was  pleased.  The  ladies  who  have  charge  of  it, 
seemed  to  be  laborious  arid  faithful ;  and  the  scholars  showed 
that  their  interests  had  been  diligently  cared  for,  and  not  less  in 
regard  to  their  studies,  than  their  manners  and  morals.  Still  it 
must  be  confessed  that  the  spiritual  results  of  this  school,  how 
ever  much  it  may  have  accomplished  in  other  respects,  have 
not  been  such  as  were  to  be  desired.  Very  few  of  the  pupils3 
comparatively,  have  gained  a  saving  knowledge  of  the  truth, 
either  before  or  after  the  close  of  their  studies.  But  this  sub 
ject  is  receiving  the  special  attention  of  the  mission  at  the  pres 
ent  time  ;  and  it  is  hoped  that  a  different  report  may  come  from 
the  school  at  no  distant  day. 

Day  schools  have  been  sustained  at  Park  Hill  and  Fairfield 
during  the  past  year.  The  number  of  pupils  in  the  former  has 
been  about  forty,  the  average  attendance  having  been  about 
thirty.  In  the  school  at  Fairfield  the  attendance  has  not  been 
so  large,  it  having  been  on  an  average  some  fifteen  or  twenty. 
In  both  these  schools  the  course  of  instruction  is  similar  to  that 
of  our  district  schools  ;  and  both  appear  to  be  exerting  a  favor 
able  influence. 

From  the  report  of  Mr.  Worcester  in  regard  to  the  operations 
of  the  press,  it  appears  that  the  work  done  from  July  8,  1847, 
to  June  12,  1848,  including  an  edition  of  the  Choctaw  laws  in 
English,  (printed  aUthe  expense  of  an  individual,)  and  also  the 
third  edition  of  the  Gospel  of  John,  has  been  as  follows  : 


Work. 

Choctaw  Laws, 
Temperance  Songs, 


Gospel  of  John,  3d  edition, 
Episile  of  James,  1st  ed. 
Select  Pass,  of  Scr .,  5ih  ed. 
Epistles  of  John,  3d  ed. 
Cherokee  Catechism,  2d  ed. 
Acts  of  the  Apostles,  3d  ed. 
Cherokee  Almanac,  1818, 


IN  ENGLISH. 

Size.  Pages. 

12mo.        .        J07 
24mo.  48 


Copies. 

300 
3,500 

3,800 


Total  Pages, 
32,100 
168,000 


200,100 


IN  CHEROKEE. 

24mo. 

101 

4,000                 404,000 

<> 

16 

4,000    'H 

64,000 

'< 

24 

4,000 

96,000 

H 

20 

4,000 

80,000 

it 

4 

4,000 

16,000 

tt 

120 

4,000 

480,000 

12mo.         ! 

36 

1,000                    36,000 

1,376,100 


The  Temperance  Songs,  mentioned  in  the  foregoing  list? 
were  printed  by  subscription  ;  though  the  amount  received  has 
hardly  covered  the  expense.  The  demand  for  books  appears  to 
be  increasing  ;  and  if  it  shall  continue,  the  press  will  be  em 
ployed  most  of  the  time. 

Mrs.  Bu trick  was  removed  from  her  missionary  labors  by 
death,  on  the  3d  of  August,  1847.  She  joined  the  mission 


260  PAWNEES.  [Report, 

in  the  old  nation  in  1823.  In  describing  her  last  hours,  one  of 
her  female  associates  says :  "  As  she  went  on,  from  day  to  day, 
down  to  the  verge  of  the  grave,  the  joy  of  the  Lord  was  her 
strength.  All  was  peaceful,  joyful.  The  Savior  was  magni 
fied  and  honored,  and  he  made  her  bed  of  death  honorable, 
glorious  ;  so  that  we  are  enabled  to  say,  with  the  most  heart 
felt  confidence,  not  one  good  thing  has  failed,  which  God  has 
promised  to  the  believer." 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ranney,  formerly  of  the  Pawnee  mission,  en 
tered  upon  their  new  field  of  labor  among  the  Cherokees  last 
winter.  They  are  at  present  at  Fairfield.  Miss  Julia  S.  Hitch 
cock  joined  the  mission  in  the  autumn  of  1847.  She  assists 
Miss  Giddings  in  the  instruction  of  the  boarding  school  at 
Dwight. 


MISSION  TO  THE  PAWNEES. 

This  mission  has  been  suspended  for  the  present,  in  the  hope 
that  a  brighter  epoch  may  yet  occur  in  the  history  of  the  Paw 
nees.  The  Committee  have  been  anxious  to  resume  operations 
among  them,  believing  that  there  was  much  in  their  character 
and  disposition,  and  especially  in  their  desire  for  Christian  in 
struction,  to  encourage  effort  in  their  behalf.  Indeed,  arrange 
ments  were  in  progress  last  winter,  which  looked  forward  to 
this  result.  But  Mr.  Treat  had  an  interview  with  the  Commis 
sioner  of  Indian  Affairs  at  Washington,  in  March  last,  which 
seemed  to  close  the  door  to  any  immediate  effort  in  this 
direction. 

The  obstacles  to  the  prosecution  of  the  missionary  work 
among  the  Pawnees  are  threefold.  1.  They  have  become  much 
embroiled  with  other  tribes  of  Indians,  and  are  often,  therefore, 
engaged  in  deadly  contests.  2.  Growing  out  of  this  state  of 
things,  missionaries  who  reside  among  them,  cannot  be  assured 
of  their  safety,  unless  they  have  some  sort  of  protection  from 
the  United  States  government.  3.  It  has  been  uncertain,  for 
some  time,  how  long  the  Pawnees  would  be  allowed  to  remain 
in  their  present  country.  A  removal  would  necessarily  occa 
sion  very  serious  loss  of  time  and  property  to  a  mission  ;  and 
there  might  be  disadvantages  of  a  much  graver  character. 

The  Commissioner  for  Indian  Affairs  was  requested  to  state 
the  intentions  of  the  Government  in  regard  to  these  Indians. 
He  frankly  replied  that  (1)  it  was  not  the  design  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States  to  station  a  military  force  in  the 
Pawnee  country,  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  the  peace  among 
the  Indians  in  that  region  ;  and  (2)  it  was  highly  probable 
that  this  particular  tribe,  to  say  nothing  of  others,  would  soon 


1848.]  sioux.  261 

be  transferred  to  a  more  northerly  or  southerly  district.  In  fact, 
a  plan  was  then  under  consideration,  which  has  since  come 
before  Congress  in  a  definite  form,  for  the  organization  of  a 
territorial  government  on  the  Platte,  with  a  view  to  facilitate 
emigration  to  Oregon.  Should  this  bill  pass,  as  it  doubtless 
will  in  the  course  of  a  few  months,  it  must  very  materially 
affect  the  condition  and  prospects  of  the  Pawnees. 

In  these  circumstances  the  Committee  cannot  think  it  advi 
sable  to  renew  their  operations  in  this  field  at  the  present  time. 
The  risk  to  the  missionary  appears  to  be  too  great,  and  the  re 
sults  to  be  attained  appear  to  be  altogether  too  uncertain.  It 
was  with  the  greatest  reluctance  that  Mr.  Ranney  relinquished 
the  design  of  returning  to  a  people  in  whom  he  has  become 
very  deeply  interested,  and  from  whom  he  has  received  such 
urgent  petitions  to  continue  to  break  unto  them  the  bread  of 
eternal  life.  But  his  judgment  accords  fully  with  the  decision 
of  the  Committee.  And  it  will  have  been  already  noticed,  that 
both  he  and  Mrs.  Ranney  are  now  members  of  the  Cherokee 
mission. 


MISSION  TO  THE  SIOUX. 

LAC-QUI-PARLE.— Stephen  R.  Riggs,  Missionary  ;  Jonas  Petijohn,  Farmer  and  Teacher; 
Mrs.  Mary  A.  C.  Riggs,  Mrs.  Fanny  H.  Petijohn. 

TRAVERSE  DES  Sioux. —  Robert  Hopkins,  Licensed  PreacJier  ;  Alexander  G.  Huggins, 
Farmer  and  Teacher  ;  Mrs.  Hopkins,  Mrs.  Lydia  P.  Huggins. 

OAK  GROVE.— Gideon  H.  Pond,  Licensed  P 'readier ;  Moses  S.  Titus,  Farmer;  Mrs. 
Sarah  P.  Pond. 

KAPOSIA.— Thomas  S.  Williamson,  Missionary  and  Physician;  Sylvester  M.  Cook,, 
Teacher;  Mrs.  Margaret  P.  Williamson  j  Misses  Jane  S.  Williamson  and  Martha  A.  Cun 
ningham,  Teachers. 

PRAIRIEVILLE. — Samuel  W.  Pond,  Missionary  ;  Mrs.  Cordelia  E.  Pond. 

Stations  not  known. — Moses  N.  Adams,  John  F.  Alton,  Missionaries;  Mrs.  Mary  A.  M. 
Adams,  Mrs.  Nancy  H.  Aiton. 

(5  stations  ;  5  missionaries  (one  a  physician),  2  licentiates,  4  male  and  11  female  assistant 
missionaries  ; — total,  22.) 

While  Mr.  Treat  was  on  his  way  to  the  Indian  territory,  he 
had  repeated  interviews,  in  pursuance  of  a  previous  arrange 
ment,  with  Doct.  Williamson  at  Cincinnati,  in  reference  to  the 
interests  of  the  Sioux  mission.  He  found  that  the  brethren 
laboring  in  that  difficult  and  almost  unproductive  field,  were 
not  discouraged  by  the  obstacles  which  have  thus  far  prevented 
greater  success  ;  but  that,  on  the  other  hand,  they  were  anxious 
to  impart  new  vigor  to  their  operations.  Doct.  Williamson 
thinks  that  the  hinderances  are  gradually  becoming  less  and  less 
formidable  ;  and,  though  the  Sioux  can  by  no  means  be  regarded 
as  a  particularly  hopeful  tribe  of  Indians,  we  may  labor  in  the 


262  sioux.  [Report, 

reasonable  expectation  of    hereafter  seeing,  with    the   divine 
blessing,  more  fruit  than  we  have  hitherto  gathered. 

The  opposition  of  the  natives  themselves  to  the  efforts  of 
the  missionaries  appears  to  be  less  active  and  trying.  Intem 
perance,  it  is  hoped,  will  not  increase  among  them,  but  rather 
decrease.  Their  wars  with  the  Ojibwas  may  be  expected,  in 
the  course  of  a  few  years  at  least,  to  come  to  an  end.  If  the 
settlement  of  the  Winnebagoes  between  these  two  hostile 
tribes  shall  fail  of  producing  all  the  effect  which  is  anticipated, 
one  or  two  treaties  will  probably  suffice  to  restore  a  general 
peace.  There  will  undoubtedly  be  new  cessions  of  land  made 
by  the  Sioux  to  the  United  States  Government  within  a  few 
years.  But  these,  if  fairly  and  honorably  obtained,  may  have  a 
beneficial  influence  on  their  improvement,  by  bringing  them 
nearer  together,  and,  consequently,  more  within  the  reach  of 
the  missionaries,  as  also  by  obliterating  their  tribal  distinctions 
and  jealousies,  and  making  them  more  homogeneous. 

•       REINFORCEMENT    OF    THE    MISSION. 

As  the  Committee  are  desirous  to  make  full  proof  of  the 
power  of  the  gospel  among  the  Dakotas,  they  have  resolved  to 
strengthen  the  mission.  With  this  view,  Rev.  Messrs.  Adams 
and  Aiton,  late  of  Lane  Seminary,  with  their  wives,  were  des 
ignated  to  this  field  last  spring  ;  and  they  have  already  pro 
ceeded  to  their  destination.  Their  brethren,  at  a  meeting  to 
be  held  simultaneously  with  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Board, 
will  decide  upon  their  location.  Mr.  Cook  accompanied  Doct. 
Williamson  on  his  return,  expecting  to  take  charge  of  a  school 
at  Kaposia,  which,  it  is  presumed,  the  United  States  Govern 
ment  will  mainly,  if  not  entirely,  support.  Miss  Cunningham 
also  accompanied  Doct.  Williamson  ;  but,  though  she  is  resid 
ing  temporarily  in  his  family,  she  will  probably  be  employed 
at  another  station.  Mr.  Titus  takes  the  place  of  Mr.  Gideon 
H.  Pond  as  Government  farmer  at  Oak  Grove. 

It  is  the  wish  of  the  Committee  that  the  present  stations 
may  riot  only  be  strengthened  by  this  reinforcement,  but  that 
new  posts  may  be  occupied.  And  if  this  cannot  be  done  with 
the  existing  force,  others  may  be  sent  to  join  the  mission. 
Red  Wing's  Village,  or  Remnica,  formely  in  the  occupancy  of 
the  Missionary  Society  of  Lausanne,  Switzerland,  but  aban 
doned  by  them  some  time  since,  still  remains  without  a 
missionary. 

The  mission  have  supposed,  not  without  reason,  that  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  would  be  glad  to  employ 
their  agency,  in  expending  considerable  sums  of  money  for  the 
education  of  the  Sioux.  The  latter  are  entitled,  by  treaty,  to 


1848.]  sioux.  263 

an  annual  expenditure  of  five  thousand  dollars  for  schools ;  but 
they  have  thus  far  received  very  little  benefit  from  this  pro 
vision,  chiefly,  it  is  believed,  in  consequence  of  their  own 
mistaken  opposition  to  its  being  carried  into  effect.  They 
seem  to  have  imagined  that  by  declining  all  connection  with 
the  schools,  they  should  receive  the  annual  allowance  of  five 
thousand  dollars  as  an  ordinary  annuity,  to  be  spent  as  they 
might  please.  But  finding  that  this  is  not  the  practical  effect 
of  their  refusal,  they  appear  to  be  gradually  yielding  to  the 
idea,  that  they  had  better  have  the  schools.  In  these  circum 
stances  the  Government  are  disposed  to  make  a  liberal  provision 
for  the  intellectual  improvement  of  the  people  j  and  the  money 
appropriated  to  this  object  will  naturally  fall  into  the  hands  of 
our  brethren  or  of  Roman  Catholic  missionaries. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  PAST  YEAR. 

It  does  not  appear  from  the  communications  which  have 
been  received,  from  time  to  time,  that  there  have  been  any 
striking  incidents  in  the  history  of  the  mission  during  the  past 
year.  Beginning  at  Kaposia,  the  nearest  station,  (which  is 
twelve  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Peters  by  water,  and 
eight  by  land,)  we  learn  from  Doct.  Williamson's  report,  that 
after  his  return  he  had  as  many  at  his  Sabbath  service  as  could 
be  comfortably  seated  in  the  largest  room  in  his  house.  The 
whole  number  who  have  attended  the  school  exceeds  fifty, 
more  than  one-fourth  of  the  entire  population  of  the  village, 
the  average  attendance  being  from  twenty-five  to  thirty.  And 
among  those  who  are  found  both  at  the  religious  exercises  and 
in  the  school,  are  the  chief  and  several  of  the  principal  men. 

Passing  to  Oak  Grove,  (which  is  on  the  north  bank  of  the 
St.  Peters,  and  eight  miles  from  its  mouth,)  we  find  that  there 
was  much  sickness  among  the  Indians  last  year ;  so  that  forty 
persons  died  out  of  a  population  of  three  hundred.  The  posi 
tion  which  they  occupy  appears  to  be  unhealthy  ;  but  they 
have  heretofore  been  unwilling  to  leave  it,  because  the  swamp 
near  the  place,  which  occasions  the  sickness,  protects  them  from 
the  Ojibwas.  There  was  a  general  removal  of  the  band,  how 
ever,  to  other  places  last  autumn,  which  put  them,  for  the  time, 
beyond  the  reach  of  religious  instruction.  It  so  happened  that 
among  the  victims  of  disease  were  the  very  persons  who  had 
gained  the  best  acquaintance  with  the  Scriptures.  "  We  feel 
afflicted,"  says  Mr.  G.  H.  Pond,  "  when  we  see  that  the  few 
who,  through  our  labors,  seemed  to  be  opening  their  eyes  to  the 
wickedness  and  folly  of  heathenism,  and  to  the  glories  of  the 
blessed  gospel,  and  who,  by  attending  the  outward  means  of 
grace,  were  exerting  a  good  influence  oa  others,  have  been  so 


264  sioux.  [Report^ 

soon  removed  from  the  world.  But  if  any  of  them  had  truly 
believed  on  Jesus  Christ,  as  we  hope  was  the  case  with  one  or 
two,  we  will  rejoice  on  their  account."  One  woman  at  the 
station  gives  evidence  of  a  change  of  heart. 

Mr.  S.  W.  Pond  was  not  able  to  remove  his  family  to 
Prairieville,  (which  is  on  the  south  bank  of  the  St.  Peters, 
twenty  miles  from  its  mouth,)  till  the  middle  of  last  December. 
He  has  a  population  of  some  six  hundred  Dakotas  within  four 
or  five  miles  of  him,  and  two  hundred  and  fifty  belonging  to 
another  band  a  little  further  off,  except  when  they  are  absent 
on  their  hunting  expeditions.  The  attendance  on  the  Sabbath 
exercises  appears  to  have  been  good  thus  far,  considering  all 
the  circumstances. 

From  Traverse  des  Sioux,  (which  is  sixty  or  seventy  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Peters  by  land,)  the  quarterly 
reports  have  not  been  particularly  encouraging.  The  perma 
nent  population  is  not  large ;  and  even  this  is  frequently 
tempted  to  a  wandering  mode  of  life.  Mr.  Hopkins  has  spent 
considerable  time  in  itinerant  labors,  without,  however,  any 
very  marked  results.  On  the  last  thirteen  Sabbaths  reported 
by  him  as  having  been  spent  at  home,  he  had  an  average 
congregation  of  only  nine.  And  it  has  been  impossible  to 
accomplish  much  with  schools.  The  attendance  is  very  irreg 
ular  ;  and  frequently  there  is  no  school  at  all.  Some  of  the 
Indians,  however,  are  exhibiting  more  interest  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  The  chief  and  his  brother  have  each  erected  cabins, 
which  are  decidedly  in  advance  of  any  thing  previously  built 
by  the  Dakotas  in  that  neighborhood. 

At  Lac-qui-parle,  (which  is  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles 
beyond  Traverse  des  Sioux,)  the  aspect  of  the  missionary  work 
is  less  disheartening  than  it  has  been  for  some  time  past.  The 
treatment  which  our  brethren  have  received  from  the  Indians, 
for  the  most  part,  has  been  respectful  and  friendly  ;  and  no  open 
opposition  has  been  made  to  their  public  services.  The  num 
ber  in  attendance  continued  to  increase  during  the  summer  of 
1847  ;  and  on  some  individuals  the  truth  seemed  to  be  gaining 
a  firmer  hold.  The  mass,  however,  show  a  determination 
neither  to  enter  the  kingdom  of  God  themselves,  nor  to  suffer 
those  around  them  to  enter.  Still  the  number  of  communi 
cants  has  increased,  not  by  the  addition  of  any  new  converts, 
but  by  the  restoration  of  two  suspended  members,  and  the 
return  of  three  non-residents.  Mr.  Riggs  hopes  that  there  has 
been  some  advance  in  spirituality. 

In  the  winter  the  principal  part  of  the  Indians  removed  to  a 
distance  of  some  sixteen  miles  from  the  station.  Inasmuch  as 
a  majority  of  the  church  members  were  there,  Mr.  Riggs 
deemed  it  his  duty  to  spend  every  alternate  Sabbath  at  that 


1848.]  OJIBWAS.  265 

place.  He  generally  succeeded  in  collecting  a  very  good 
audience  ;  often,  indeed,  having  as  many  as  could  crowd  into 
a  single  tent.  On  one  occasion  the  Indians  went  in  pursuit  of 
buffaloes  on  the  Sabbath ;  but  the  church  members  and  some 
others  remained. 

It  has  been  found  difficult  to  keep  in  operation  efficient 
schools  at  Lac-qui-parle  ;  the  benefits  of  education  being  as  yet 
very  imperfectly  understood  and  appreciated  by  the  people. 
Three  young  men  have  been  employed  in  giving  instruction, 
at  different  villages,  with  various  success.  As  the  children 
were  obliged  to  be  in  the  fields  in  the  time  of  corn-gathering, 
the  teachers  were  sometimes  under  the  necessity  of  going  in 
search  of  pupils,  wherever  they  could  find  them.  Even  this 
mode  of  sustaining  schools,  with  its  obvious  disadvantages, 
was  thought  to  be  preferable  to  their  absolute  suspension. 

Among  the  obstacles  to  success  at  this  station,  the  war  spirit 
is  particularly  mentioned.  In  consequence  of  a  sale  of  lands 
in  1847  by  the  Ojibwas  to  our  Government,  (to  provide  a  home 
for  the  Winnebagoes  beyond  the  Mississippi,)  a  part  of  which 
are  claimed  by  the  Sioux,  hostilities  were  commenced  against 
their  ancient  enemies.  Mr.  Riggs  prevailed  upon  the  Indians 
in  his  neighborhood  to  represent  the  case  to  the  President  of 
the  United  States  ;  but  the  young  men  could  not  wait  for  an 
adjustment  of  the  difficulty  in  this  way.  The  war  was  in 
progress,  with  most  unhappy  results,  at  the  date  of  the  last 
accounts  from  Lac-qui-parle.  It  is  evident,  however,  that 
peace  principles  are  gaining  ground.  A  few,  knowing  that 
they  are  a  small  minority,  and  that  all  their  remonstrances  will 
be  in  vain,  have  nevertheless  not  hesitated  to  oppose  the  course 
pursued  by  the  majority. 


MISSION  TO  THE  OJIBWAS. 

LA  POINTE.  — Sherman   Hall,  Missionary;  Edmund  F.  Elv,   Teacher;  Mrs.  Betsey  P. 
Hall,  Mrs  Catharine  B.  Ely;  Henry  BlatchYord,  Natire  Catechist. 

BAD    RIVKR — Leonard   H.   Wheeler,  Missionary;    Mrs.   Harriet   W.  Wheeler ;    Miss 
Hannah  Wood,  Teacher. 

RED  LAKE.— Frederick  Ayer,  Missionary  •  Mrs.  Elizabeth  T.  Ayer. 

(3  stations  ;  3  missionaries,  1  male  and  5  female  assistant  missionaries,  1  native  catechist ; — 
total,  10.) 

Some  degree  of  uncertainty  has  been  thrown  around  the 
prospects  of  the  Ojibwas,  by  the  conversion  of  Wisconsin  Ter 
ritory  into  a  State  ;  its  western  boundary  being  a  little  more 
than  one  hundred  miles  beyond  La  Pointe,  and  consequently 
about  twenty  beyond  Lake  Superior,  and  running  south  to  the 
23 


266  OJIBWAS.  [Report, 

St.  Croix  River,  along  which  it  proceeds  till  it  strikes  the  Mis 
sissippi.  What  disposition  will  be  made  of  the  Indians  who 
reside  within  the  chartered  limits  of  the  State,  is  a  question  of 
very  grave  import,  not  only  to  them,  but  to  all  who  take  an 
interest  in  their  welfare.  They  have  agreed  to  remove  on  the 
requisition  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  ;  and  there  are 
rumors  already  in  circulation  that  the  demand  will  soon  be 
made.  Last  year,  indeed,  Mr.  Ayer  wrote  from  Red  Lake 
(under  date  of  July  27th)  as  follows  :  "  It  is  confidently  ex 
pected  that  a  treaty  will  be  held  within  a  few  days,  with  these 
Indians  and  several  neighboring  bands,  in  regard  to  the  cession 
of  their  country  to  the  United  States,  for  the  purpose  of  settling 
upon  it  the  Ojibwas  who  reside  in  the  vicinity  of  Lake  Supe 
rior  and  farther  south,  and  who  have  already  sold  their  lands  to 
the  United  States."  He  then  adds,  "  I  suppose  the  country 
will  be  considered  an  Indian  reservation." 

On  the  other  hand,  it  would  seem  that  there  is  no  obvious 
necessity  for  an  immediate  change.  Mr.  Hall  says,  "  I  feel 
certain  that  this  region  is  not  to  be  settled  very  extensively  at 
present.  There  is  too  much  good  land  unoccupied  in  a  better 
climate,  and  holding  out  stronger  attractions  to  farmers,  to  make 
us  believe  that  this  will  be  speedily  taken  up  for  agricultural 
purposes."  "  The  mining  excitement  has,  in  a  great  measure, 
subsided  ;  and  most  who  have  engaged  in  the  business,  have 
found  it  a  more  serious  and  expensive  operation  to  dig  copper 
than  they  anticipated.  There  maybe  valuable  mines  in  the 
country  ;  but  they  do  not  exist  every  where,  as  was  for  a  time 
supposed.  Why  then  should  the  Indians  be  required  to  re 
move  ?  Nevertheless,  they  may  be."  Mr.  Wheeler,  alluding 
to  ;'the  mining  excitement,"  remarks, — "  Speculators  have 
generally  left  the  country  ;  and  the  business  has  fallen  back 
into  the  hands  of  heavy  companies,  who  will  probably  carry  it 
forward  at  a  few  points  along  the  Lake  with  success.  No 
mines  are  now  worked  nearer  than  Iron  River,  about  ninety 
miles  down  the  Lake."  Still  the  history  of  Indian  treaties 
and  Indian  removals,  for  a  long  series  of  years,  shows  that  we 
cannot  say,  with  any  degree  of  confidence,  what  will  take  place 
in  regard  to  the  Ojibwas. 

Nor  is  it  at  ail  certain  what  course  is  wisest  and  best,  even  if 
we  look  simply  at  their  interests.  The  extension  of  state  laws 
over  them  may  be  expected,  on  the  whole,  to  operate  unfavora 
bly.  To  specify  only  one  danger ;  they  will  be  more  exposed, 
it  is  presumed,  to  the  inroads  of  intemperance  than  heretofore  ; 
and  no  enemy  of  the  red  man  can  be  more  formidable  than 
this.  Should  the  apprehensions  which  already  exist  in  some 
minds  be  realized,  it  might  be  a  favor  to  the  Ojibwas  to  remove 
them  farther  to  the  west,  with  their  free  consent,  especially  if 


1848.]  OJIBWAS.  267 

they  can  be  placed  beyond  the  reach  of  "  white  men  and 
whiskey." 

PROSPECT    AT    RED    LAKE. 

The  reports  which  have  come  to  us  from  the  different  sta 
tions,  during  the  past  year,  are  somewhat  diversified  in  their 
tone  and  language.  At  Red  Lake  the  labors  of  Mr.  Ayer  have 
been  very  much  embarrassed  and  hindered  by  the  conduct  of 
the  Indians  ;  and  the  fruit  which  he  hoped  to  see,  has  mostly 
eluded  his  grasp.  Under  date  of  November  24th,  he  wrote  as 
follows : — 

To  the  eye  of  sense  all  is  disheartening.  For  six  months  past  Satan  seems 
to  have  been  let  loose  among  this  people,  exciting  them  to  war  abroad  and 
mischief  at  home.  During  the  summer  a  very  large  war  party  was  raised, 
including  almost  every  man  of  the  band,  and  also  all  the  lads  large  enough 
to  learn  the  art  of  war.  They  were  joined  by  about  fifty  from  other  bands. 
Their  object  was  to  take  vengeance  on  the  Sioux  of  the  plains,  who,  a  little 
more  than  a  year  previously,  had  killed  six  of  this  band  when  out  on  a  buffalo 
hunt.  They  had  referred  the  case  to  our  Government ;  but  as  no  notice  was 
taken  of  it,  they  determined  to  obtain  redress  in  their  own  way. 

After  working  themselves  up  to  a  high  pitch  of  military  ardor  by  dances, 
feasts,  &c.,  they  went  to  seek  the  enemy.  Sickness  and  hunger  thinned 
their  ranks,  and  several  soon  returned.  The  greater  part,  however,  traversed 
the  plains  to  a  great  distance,  thirsting  for  the  blood  of  their  foes.  They 
saw  them,  but  always  in  too  large  parties  to  warrant  success  in  attacking 
them.  They  all  returned  in  about  a  month,  empty-handed,  disappointed, 
somewhat  chagrined,  and  many  of  them  in  a  state  of  mind  which  war  natu 
rally  generates.  Many  of  them  (mostly  young  men  and  lads)  were  full  of  a 
spirit  of  mischief,  manifesting  itself  by  clubbing,  stoning  and  shooting  our 
cattle,  and  by  throwing  axes  at  them,  thus  harming  them  and  endangering 
their  lives.  Great  depredations  were  committed  upon  our  fields  of  potatoes 
and  corn ;  our  fences  were  torn  down ;  our  cattle  were  turned  out  of  the 
yards  in  the  night,  and  driven  away,  or  suffered  to  roam  about  at  large  ; 
while  the  Indians'  fields,  not  being  fenced,  were  exposed  to  their  depreda 
tions.  Our  patience  was  thus  often  put  to  the  severest  test ;  and  we  found  it 
necessary  to  keep  a  guard  upon  our  spirits,  lest  we  should  be  "  overcome 
of  evil." 

Nor  is  this  the  only  way  in  which  the  faith  and  patience  of 
Mr.  Ayer  have  been  put  to  the  test.  The  sole  adult  male 
member  of  his  church  has  been  carried  away  by  the  war  spirit, 
and  has  dishonored  his  profession.  On  his  return  from  the  ex 
cursion  mentioned  above,  he  voluntarily  confessed  that  he  had 
had  no  rest,  day  or  night  ;  and  he  repeatedly  told  his  associates, 
while  they  were  absent,  that  he  and  they  were  all  doing  wrong. 
Still  he  has  not  gone  back  to  the  right  way,  but  has  abandoned 
himself  to  gambling  and  kindred  vices.  This  occurrence  is 
the  more  painful,  from  the  fact  that  high  hopes  had  been  ex 
cited  in  regard  to  this  man's  usefulness.  He  is  represented  as 
"an  Indian  of  uncommon  sagacity  and  intelligence,  quick  of 
comprehension,  and  capable  of  doing  much  good." 


268  OJIBWAS.  [Report, 

Another  member  of  the  church  has  been  cut  off  for  immoral 
ity  ;  and  still  another  has  died,  apparently  with  a  good  hope  of 
eternal  life.  "  She  was  never  heard,"  says  Mr.  Ayer,  in  de 
scribing  her  last  sickness,  "  to  utter  a  complaining  or  peevish 
word.  She  talked  of  her  anticipated  death  with  perfect  com 
posure,  and  seemed  more  than  willing  to  depart  and  be  with 
Christ."  "  Her  last  words,  addressed  to  her  affectionate  grand 
daughter,  who  sat  by  her  side  day  and  night,  anticipating  every 
want  to  the  extent  of  her  ability,  were, — '  Let  us  leave  ;  let  us 
go  up  to  the  Hill ! '  having  doubtless  the  hill  of  Zion  in  her 
mind.  When  she  could  no  longer  speak,  she  stretched  her 
arms  towards  heaven,  pointing  to  her  expected  home." 

A  few  weeks  later,  Mr.  Ayer  reported  that  there  were  indica 
tions  of  the  presence  of  the  Spirit  among  the  few  who  were 
still  hearers  of  the  Word.  This  state  of  things  continued  for 
some  time,  the  native  members  of  the  church  being  much 
quickened,  and  "all  around  appearing  to  be  somewhat  affected 
by  what  they  saw  and  heard."  "  A  few  professed  to  submit  to 
the  authority  of  God;  and  we  were  fondly  hoping  that  he 
would  subdue  his  enemies  under  him,  and  do  a  great  work  of 
mercy  among  us."  Suddenly,  however,  a  change  came  over 
the  whole  scene.  Mr.  Ayer  continues  the  narrative  as  follows : 

At  this  juncture,  intelligence  was  received  of  the  massacre  of  two  young 
men  of  the  band  by  the  Sioux.  One  was  an  individual  of  note,  belonging  to 
our  immediate  neighborhood,  and  a  son  of  the  chief.  His  death  caused  a 
great  sensation  among  all  classes.  The  cry  of  revenge  and  war  was  heard 
from  every  quarter,  and  reiterated  loud  and  long.  Public  attention  was  soon 
almost  wholly  diverted  from  the  interests  of  the  soul.  A  common  reply  of 
the  men,  when  appealed  to  on  the  subject  of  religion,  was, — "We  cannot 
pray  now  ;  we  must  go  to  war  next  summer ;  and  we  cannot  fight  and  pray 
too."  Satan  triumphed.  Only  two  came  fully  over  to  the  Lord's  side.  These 
were  received  into  the  church  in  March.  One  is  a  mother  of  a  large  family, 
three  of  the  children  being  members  of  the  church.  The  other  is  a  young 
Avoman  in  a  family,  two  of  which  are 'professing  Christians.  Both  have  ap 
peared  well,  and  continue  to  give  fair  evidence  of  a  work  of  grace  in  their 
hearts. 

The  latest  accounts  from  this  station  indicate  a  studied  neg 
lect  of  spiritual  things.  "The  Sabbath,"  says  Mr.  Ayer,  "is 
despised,  and  wholly  disregarded  by  almost  all.  We  have  but 
very  few  hearers  except  those  who  are  styled  '  praying  Indians.' 
The  people  seem  resolved,  as  a  band,  to  pursue  their  present 
course  of  life.  To  the  eye  of  sense  their  ruin  appears  to  be 
certain.  The  spirit  of  war  is  rife  ;  and  preparations  are  now 
going  forward  for  a  summer's  campaign.  A  party,  with  the 
chief  at  their  head,  are  about  to  leave  for  Crow  Wing  River, 
on  the  Mississippi,  to  obtain  ammunition  and  whiskey.  A 
storm  is  gathering,  some  of  the  effects  of  which  will  doubtless 
reach  us." 


1848.]  OJIBWAS.  269 


LA    POINTE    AND    BAD    RIVER. 

Missionary  operations  appear  to  have  been  carried  forward  at 
La  Pointe  much  as  in  past  years.  Owing  to  the  accidental 
lameness  of  the  native  catechist,  there  has  been  less  preaching 
from  house  to  house  than  is  desirable.  On  the  Sabbath,  how 
ever,  there  have  been  four  services,  two  in  Ojibwa  and  two  in 
English  ;  and  during  the  week  there  have  been  occasional 
meetings,  as  circumstances  seemed  to  require.  A  Sabbath 
school  of  about  thirty  scholars  meets  in  the  morning,  after  pub 
lic  worship.  "  This,"  says  Mr.  Hall,  "  we  regard  as  one  of  our 
most  promising  means  of  good  to  this  people." 

Two  day  schools  have  been  taught  at  La  Pointe,  and  more 
than  ninety,  at  different  times,  have  been  pupils.  Still  the  av 
erage  attendance  has  not  been  more  than  forty.  The  progress 
of  those  who  have  been  regular  and  punctual  has  been  gen 
erally  gratifying  ;  others,  of  course,  have  derived  but  little  ben 
efit  from  their  privileges.  Miss  Spooner,  heretofore  the  teacher 
of  one  of  these  schools,  has  been  released,  at  her  own  request, 
from  her  connection  with  the  Board.  Her  school  is  now  united 
with  Mr.  Ely's,  and  he  is  expected  to  take  charge  of  both 
hereafter. 

The  number  of  church  members,  including  the  mission  fam 
ily  at  Bad  River,  is  thirty.  Six  of  these  have  been  added  dur 
ing  the  past  year,  only  two  of  them,  however,  having  been  re 
ceived  by  profession.  Mr.  Hall  bears  testimony  to  the  general 
good  conduct  of  the  flock  under  his  care.  "  The  members  of 
the  church,"  he  says,  "are  for  the  most  part  prompt  and  reg 
ular  in  their  observance  of  the  external  ordinances  of  religion. 
It  is  difficult  to  estimate  the  real  amount  of  Christian  principle 
and  heartfelt  piety  among  them  ;  but  while  we  would  acknowl 
edge  that  there  is  much  room  for  improvement,  we  would  be 
devoutly  thankful  to  Him  who  has  kept  them  so  steadfast  amid 
the  temptations  which  beset  them." 

A  temperance  society  was  formed  at  La  Pointe  in  the  sum 
mer  of  1847,  in  very  auspicious  circumstances.  "  The  traders," 
writes  Mr.  Wheeler,  "missionaries,  Government  men,  and,  I 
believe,  every  person  in  our  vicinity  who  can  speak  the  English 
language,  are  pledged  to  this  cause.  There  is  no  place  where 
liquor  is  openly  sold  within  one  hundred  miles ;  and  we  hope 
that  this  will  always  be  the  case."  From  a  recent  letter  of 
Mr.  Hall,  it  appears  that  this  society  has  been  well  sustained  to 
the  present  time.  It  must  not  be  inferred,  however,  that  no 
intoxicating  drinks  are  sold  at  La  Pointe.  When  the  annuities 
are  paid,  if  at  no  other  time,  the  article  is  clandestinely  intro 
duced  to  some  extent.  This  is  greatly  to  be  regretted  ;  but  we 
have  much  occasion  for  thankfulness  that  the  evil  is  in  any 
23* 


270  OJIBWAS.  [Report, 

considerable  measure  restrained.  Were  alcoholic  liquors  access 
ible  to  all,  there  would  be  no  security  for  any  class  of  residents 
at  La  Pointe. 

The  prospects  of  the  station  at  Bad  River  are  evidently  im 
proving.  The  Indians  have  already  made  some  progress  in 
outward  improvement ;  and  they  are  beginning  to  feel  a  stronger 
relish  for  a  settled  mode  of  life  and  a  permanent  home.  The 
following  extract  from  a  letter  of  Mr.  Wheeler,  written  in  De 
cember  last,  exhibits  the  general  aspect  of  his  field,  not  only  as 
it  was  at  that  time,  but  as  it  continued  through  the  winter. 

The  Indians  are  much  more  industrious  than  they  were  formerly.  They  have 
better  lodges,  are  better  dressed,  and  (if  I  may  use  the  term  in  a  comparative 
sense)  are  much  more  neat  in  their  habits,  and  tidy  in  their  personal  appear 
ance.  The  gospel,  although  it  has  not  yet  proved  the  power  of  God  unto 
salvation  to  many  of  them,  has  evidently  done  much  to  soften  the  savage 
ferocity  of  their  characters.  They  are  much  more  quiet  and  peaceable, 
much  less  addicted  to  theft,  violence  and  lawless  depredations,  than  they 
once  were,  or  than  their  less  enlightened  inland  brethren  now  are. 

They  have  also  made  some  progress  in  religious  knowledge.  For  a  series 
of  years,  since  the  missionaries  have  been  in  the  country,  the  gospel  has  in 
various  ways  been  so  brought  to  bear  upon  them,  that  a  few  of  its  scattered 
rays  have  found  a  way  into  their  darkened  understandings.  It  is  not  often 
we  find  an  Indian  here  who  does  not  say  that  the  word  of  God  is  true,  and 
assent  to  its  precepts  as  being  good.  But  when  urged  to  embrace  it,  they 
all,  with  one  consent,  begin  "to  make  excuse  ;"  and  the  nature  of  their  ex 
cuses  shows  plainly  that  they  love  darkness  rather  than  light,  and  will  not 
come  to  it  lest  their  deeds  should  be  reproved. 

More  of  the  Indians  have  resided  here  this  year  than  last.  Heretofore, 
since  we  have  been  here,  they  have  all  left  the  place  about  the  first  of  No 
vember  for  the  Lake,  to  make  their  fall  fishing,  and  they  have  been  absent 
during  the  winter.  This  year  a  number  of  families  are  remaining  to  spend 
the  winter.  These,  together  with  the  carpenter's  and  farmer's  establishments, 
and  three  other  lodges  in  our  vicinity,  give  us  a  little  community  of  some 
sixteen  families  ;  and  we  shall  be  able  probably  to  sustain  a  small  school  of 
ten  or  twelve  pupils  all  winter.  We  also  have  three  public  religious  exer 
cises  on  the  Sabbath,  two  in  Indian,  and  one  in  English,  and  a  Bible  class  in 
English  at  the  station  Sabbath  evening.  The  few  who  understand  English 
generally  attend  our  public  exercise  in  that  language  ;  and  those  who  attend 
our  meetings  in  Indian,  have  thus  far  been  very  punctual.  Some  of  these 
regard  themselves  as  Christians  ;  and,  in  many  respects,  they  seem  to  be 
greatly  changed  for  the  better,  though  we  do  not  see  all  that  evidence  of 
,piety  which  we  should  like  to  see  before  we  receive  them  to  our  communion. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind,  however,  that  most  of  the  Ojib- 
was  belonging  to  this  band  are  pagans  still ;  and  only  a  few  of 
them  can  be  induced  to  attend  the  services  of  the  sanctuary. 
But  in  their  lodges  they  are  found  to  be  accessible.  They  re 
ceive  Mr.  Wheeler  with  kindness,  and  listen  to  his  instructions 
with  apparent  interest.  Here  then  is  an  important  and  a  very 
hopeful  field  of  labor.  May  the  great  Head  of  the  Church  be 
stow  his  blessing  upon  it ! 


1848.]  STOCKBRIDGE     INDIANS.  271 


MISSION  TO  THE  STOCKBRIDGE  INDIANS. 

In  the  civil  and  social  condition  of  this  band  of  Indians, 
there  seems  to  have  been  no  improvement  during  the  past  year. 
And  although  the  religious  meetings  have  been  pretty  well 
attended,  such  are  the  divisions  and  strifes  in  the  church  and  in 
the  band  generally,  that  the  force  of  Christian  truth  appears  to 
be  counteracted,  and  the  ministrations  of  the  Word  are  almost 
without  effect.  Little  spirituality  is  manifested  by  the  church 
members  ;  while  disorders  and  improprieties  abound,  which  ap 
propriate  discipline  cannot,  in  the  existing  state  of  things,  be 
brought  in  to  correct.  For  years  the  missionary  at  Stockbridge, 
Rev.  Mr.  Marsh,  has  been  laboring,  praying,  and  waiting  for  a 
favorable  change  ;  and  at  times  he  has  felt  somewhat  encour 
aged  at  the  prospect.  But  on  the  whole  the  state  of  things  has 
been  growing  worse.  No  compromise  could  be  effected  be 
tween  the  parties  into  which  the  little  community  was  divided. 
Their  numbers  were  diminishing  ;  their  relations  to  the  United 
States  Government,  and  to  the  white  community  around  them, 
were  becoming  more  unsatisfactory  ;  and  in  regard  to  their 
moral  and  social  condition  generally,  they  seemed  to  be  retro 
grading  rather  than  advancing. 

In  these  circumstances,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Marsh  have,  for  the  last 
year  or  two,  been  much  disheartened  ;  and  they  have  been  an 
ticipating  that  it  might  soon  be  their  duty  to  seek  some  more 
promising  field  of  labor.  Quite  recently  they  have  requested 
and  received  a  release  from  their  connection  with  the  Board  : 
and  they  will  discontinue  their  regular  labors  among  those  In 
dians  ;  though  he  may  reside  near  them,  and  counsel  and  instruct 
them,  as  he  may  have  opportunity.  Mr.  Slingerland,  one  of 
their  own  number,  who  has  had  a  theological  education,  will 
probably  continue  to  reside  among  his  people  ;  and  he  may  be 
useful  as  a  religious  teacher. 

PAST     HISTORY    OF    THE     STOCKBRIDGE    INDIANS. 

These  Indians,  a  kindred  tribe  to  the  Mohegans,  were  first 
gathered  into  a  community  by  the  missionary  John  Sergeant, 
about  1735  ;  and  he  labored  among  them  in  the  western  part 
of  Massachusetts  and  the  eastern  part  of  New  York,  till  his 
death  in  1749.  During  his  fifteen  years  of  labor,  he  baptized 
one  hundred  and  eighty-two  of  their  number  ;  of  whom  forty- 
two  were  communicants  in  the  church  which  he  organized. 
Their  whole  number  was  then  about  two  hundred  and  twenty. 
They  had  learned  to  live  in  a  settled  manner  ;  had  comfortable 


272  STOCKBRIDGE  INDIANS.  [Report, 

houses  and  productive  fields.  Among  these  Indians,  at  about 
the  same  period,  Hollis,  the  early  patron  of  Harvard  College, 
established  a  charity  school,  embracing  twenty  or  thirty  boys. 
Another  school  taught  among  them  embraced  more  than  fifty 
pupils  ;  and  here  was  begun  that  course  of  education  which 
has  enabled  nearly  the  whole  male  portion  of  the  tribe,  down 
to  the  present  day,  to  speak  and  read  the  English  language. 

Mr.  Sergeant  was  succeeded  by  President  Jonathan  Edwards, 
and  the  latter  by  Mr.  West.  David  Brainerd  commenced  his 
missionary  labors  among  the  same  people,  at  their  old  town  of 
Kaunameek.  During  the  French  and  revolutionary  wars, 
these  Indians  seem  to  have  been  neglected,  and  their  church 
and  schools  became  probably  extinct.  After  the  latter  war, 
they  removed  to  Oneida  County,  New  York,  where,  in  1818, 
their  church  was  reorganized  with  only  ten  or  twelve  members. 
About  four  years  later,  a  portion  of  them,  embracing  most  of 
the  church,  removed  and  settled  on  White  River  in  Indiana. 
Here,  without  any  missionary,  they  sustained  religious  services 
on  the  Sabbath.  Not  satisfied  with  their  location,  a  part  re 
turned  to  the  State  of  New  York,  and  a  portion  removed  to  the 
Fox  River,  near  Green  Bay  ;  at  which  place  those  in  New 
York  joined  them  before  1830.  In  1827,  Rev.  Jesse  Miner, 
who  had  labored  among  them  in  New  York,  was  appointed  a 
missionary  of  this  Board,  and  took  up  his  residence  on  the  Fox 
River,  where  he  died  in  March,  1829.  Rev.  Cutting  Marsh 
joined  the  mission  in  1830.  In  the  church  are  now  fifty-one 
members. 

The  unhappy  issue  to  which  this  mission  has  come,  and  the 
unpromising  state  in  which  those  Indians  now  are,  in  all  their 
relations,  are  undoubtedly  the  consequence  of  their  frequent 
removals  from  one  place  to  another,  by  which  their  counsels 
have  been  divided  ;  the  steady  influence  of  religious  instruc 
tion  and  of  their  schools  interrupted  and  diminished  ;  their 
morals  depraved  by  their  long  journeys  ;  and  their  attachments 
to  home  associations  and  employments  greatly  weakened. 

Still,  though  their  prospects  are  now  so  dark,  the  Christian 
and  the  philanthropist  may  rejoice  in  the  good  which  Christian 
beneficence  has  done  them,  during  the  one  hundred  and  fifteen 
years  which  have  elapsed  since  the  first  missionary  began  his 
labors  among  them.  Their  social  condition  has  been  rendered 
far  more  elevated  and  comfortable,  for  three  whole  generations ; 
and  hundreds  of  them  have,  as  we  trust,  been  savingly  taught 
the  gospel  of  Christ,  and,  dying,  have  gone  to  dwell  with  him 
forever  in  heaven.  And  we  would  hope  that  this  stream  of 
Christian  influence  and  blessings,  though  in  some  measure  ar 
rested,  will  not  wholly  cease  to  flow  ;  but  that,  by  means  of 
parental  instruction  and  prayer,  and  the  more  or  less  frequent 


1848.]  NEW  YORK  INDIANS.  273 

enjoyment  of  Christian  ordinances,  not  a  few  of  those  who  re 
main,  children  as  some  of  them  are, — of  eminent  piety  and 
faith, — may  yet  be  brought  into  the  fold  of  the  Great  Shep 
herd,  who  has  so  long  watched  over  their  people  for  good. 


NEW  YORK  INDIANS. 

TUSCARORA.  —  Gilbert  Rockwood,  Missionary;  Mrs.  Avis  H.  Rockwood  ;  one  female 
teacher. 

UPPER  CATTARAUGUS.  —  Asher  Wright,  Missionary;  Mrs.  Laura  M.  Wright;  one  fe 
male  teacher 

LOWER  CATTARAUGUS.—  Asher  Bliss,  Missionary  ;  Mrs.  Cassandra  H.  Bliss;  one  female 
teacher. 


GHASY.—  William  Hall,  Missionary  ;  Mrs.  Caroline  G.  Hall  ;  Miss  Margaret  Hall, 
Teacher  ;  one  male  assistant. 

OUT-STATION.  —  Old  Town.  —  Miss  Sophia  Mudgett,  Teacher. 

(4  stations,  1  out-station;  4  missionaries,  1  male  and  9  female  assistant  missionaries  j  — 
total,  14.) 

The  history  of  this  mission,  during  the  last  twelve  months, 
will  bring  together  incidents  of  a  somewhat  varied  character. 
In  September,  1847,  a  case  of  fever  occurred  on  the  Cattarau- 
gus  Reservation,  of  a  decidedly  typhoid  character,  such  as  had 
been  little  known  among  the  Indians.  Other  cases  followed, 
and  the  malady  soon  took  the  form  of  an  epidemic.  From 
September  20th  to  January  20th,  the  deaths  (partly  from  other 
causes)  amounted  to  two  a  week;  and  from  the  latter  date  they 
became  still  more  frequent.  Under  date  of  May  4th,  Mr.  Bliss 
reported  the  whole  number  of  the  deceased  at  about  seventy  ; 
among  whom  were  four  or  five  prominent  chiefs  ;  also  one  in 
dividual  who  was  supposed  to  be  one  hundred  years  old. 
About  twenty  church  members  were  among  the  seventy  men 
tioned  in  the  letter  of  Mr.  Bliss.  Some  of  these  were  "  appa 
rently  in  a  very  desirable  frame  of  mind  to  the  last,  ready  to 
go,  and  anticipating  a  joyous  meeting  with  their  Redeemer.'7 
Others  were  unconscious  of  the  approach  of  death,  and  did  not 
speak,  therefore,  of  the  peace  and  joy  afforded  by  the  gospel 
in  a  dying  hour;  but  most  of  them  had  attested  the  value  of 
their  hope  "  by  their  Christian  conversation  before  the  attack 
of  disease." 

The  moral  results  of  this  sore  dispensation  were  not  so  happy 
as  could  have  been  wished.  "  The  afflictions  sent  upon  us," 
says  Mr.  Wright,  "  seemed  to  paralyze  rather  than  quicken  the 
religious  feelings.  At  first  there  was  solemnity  ;  then  dread  of 
death  ;  then  a  fearful  weight  of  apprehension  and  anxiety,  in 
creased  by  every  new  case  of  sickness  ;  then  a  looking  about 


274 


NEW    YORK    INDIANS, 


[Report, 


for  any  thing  to  lighten  the  long  continued  pressure  ;  then,  in 
many  minds,  insensibility  and  recklessness.  And  when  the 
epidemic  ceased  in  the  spring,  every  one  seemed  to  sink  at 
once  into  a  state  of  apathetic  relaxation  from  excitement."  A 
late  communication  from  Mr.  Wright  expresses  the  hope,  that 
a  favorable  change  was  taking  place  in  the  feelings  of  the 
church  members. 


STATE    OF    THE    CHURCHES. 

The  past  year  has  not  been  marked  by  any  signal  manifes 
tations  of  the  grace  of  God,  such  as  have  been  enjoyed  in  some 
previous  years  ;  and  at  all  the  stations  complaint  is  made  of  the 
coldness  and  indifference  to  spiritual  things  prevailing  at  the 
present  time.  The  congregations  upon  the  Sabbath  are  not  so 
large  as  they  were  a  year  ago,  the  places  of  the  dead  not  having 
been  filled  by  new  hearers.  Meetings  for  prayer,  likewise,  are 
not  so  well  attended.  Still  it  should  be  stated  that  our  breth 
ren  have  not  been  left  without  some  tokens  of  the  divine  favor. 
In  December  last  Mr,  Hall  reported  "  some  ten  cases  of  un 
usual  seriousness  "  at  Alleghany,  expressing,  at  the  same  time, 
the  hope  that  three  or  four  had  passed  from  death  unto  life. 
The  other  stations  have  been  permitted  to  welcome  a  few  to 
the  ordinances  of  Christ's  house  for  the  first  time.  The  fol 
lowing  table  will  show  the  condition  of  the  four  churches  un 
der  the  care  of  this  mission.  The  few  white  persons  who  are 
members  of  the  churches,  are  riot  embraced  in  the  table,  the 
object  being  to  illustrate  the  success  of  the  gospel  among  the 
Indians.  The  blanks  indicate  a  deficiency  in  the  returns. 


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An  extract  from  a  recent  letter  of  Mr.  Wright  may  be  appro 
priately  introduced  in  this  place.  He  says  : 

In  respect  to  the  character  of  the  church  members,  it  should  be  stated  that 
almost  all  are  dependent  upon  the  ear  alone  in  receiving  instruction.  It  can 
not  be  expected,  therefore,  that  many  of  them  shall  possess  the  clear,  dis- 


1848.]  NEW    YORK    INDIANS.  275 

criminating1,  doctrinal  views,  and  the  well-balanced  Christian  character, 
commonly  found  in  well  instructed  communities.  They  are  still  more  or  less 
under  the  influence  of  their  old  superstitions,  and  of  their  early  habits  of 
thought.  They  have,  from  their  childhood,  been  so  familiar  with  certain 
forms  of  sin,  that  they  can  never  be  brought  to  have  the  same  degree  of  ab 
horrence  and  disgust  in  regard  to  them,  that  one  feels  who  has  always  been 
surrounded  with  an  atmosphere  of  moral  purity.  This  would  not  be  expected 
of  converts  from  among  those  who  receive  their  whole  early  training  in  cer 
tain  localities  in  New  York,  Boston,  or  almost  any  other  of  our  large  cities. 
But  the  Indian  has  had  the  additional  disadvantage  of  the  pagan  con 
science,  instead  of  no  conscience.  It  need  not,  therefore,  excite  surprise,  if 
we  find  it  difficult  to  bring  up  the  best  of  our  church  members  to  the  pure 
and  strict  standard  of  gospel  morality  ;  nor  that  they  should  fail  to  realize 
the  importance  of  maintaining  thorough  discipline  for  offences  which  they 
can  scarcely  avoid  considering  as  quite  venial,  notwithstanding  the  instruc 
tions  of  their  teachers. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  schools  established  among  the  Indians,  though  they  do 
not  accomplish  all  that  is -desirable,  are  nevertheless  exerting  a 
meliorating  influence  upon  the  people.  The  one  at  Tuscarora 
has  been  unusually  prosperous  during  the  year ;  and  the  same 
may  be  said  of  nearly  (if  not  quite)  all  on  the  Alleghany  Reser 
vation.  At  Cattaraugus  there  has  been  less  success  in  this  de 
partment  of  labor,  because,  apparently,  of  the  engrossing  influ 
ence  of  other  questions.  And  it  may  be  affirmed  with  truth, 
doubtless,  that  the  value  of  education  is  but  imperfectly  appre 
ciated  by  the  great  mass  of  the  Indians.  Many  of  the  Chris 
tian  party  take  too  little  interest  in  the  subject ;  while  a  large 
proportion  of  the  pagan  party  are  averse  to  the  instruction  of 
their  children.  There  is  the  less  excuse  for  this  state  of  things, 
from  the  fact  that,  in  addition  to  what  the  mission  have  done 
and  are  doing,  the  State  of  New  York  is  disposed  to  pursue  a 
very  liberal  policy  toward  the  Indians.  Appropriations  have 
been  made  from  its  funds  for  the  erection  of  school  houses  on 
the  Cattaraugus  and  Alleghany  Reservations;  one  of  which  has 
been  built,  and  a  school  is  now  kept  in  it  by  Mr.  Carrier  at  the 
expense  of  the  State,  the  Indians  being  required  to  appropriate 
one-fifth  of  the  amount.  On  the  other  Reservation  the  house 
has  not  been  built  as  yet ;  but  the  school  has  been  opened,  a 
brother  of  Mr.  Hall  being  the  teacher.  And  were  the  entire 
Indian  population  regularly  divided  into  districts,  the  State 
would  allow  it  to  participate  in  the  school  money,  according  to 
the  general  law  of  distribution  ;  and  the  mission  schools  might 
supply  whatever  deficiency  there  should  be  under  this  system. 
The  following  table  of  the  schools  will  exhibit  their  state  for 
the  year  ending  June  30,  1848. 


276  NEW    YORK    INDIANS. 

Stations.  Whole  Wo.  of  Pupils.  Average  Attendance. 

Allegheny, 

Old  Town,           ..  42  ...  30 

Old  Station,         .         .  30  ...  15 

Jimeson  Town,     ..  20  ...  12 

Cattaraugus  Lower, 

BigPlatte,            .        .  30  .        .        .  12 

Meeting  House,   ..  24  ...  17 

Cattaraugus  Upper, 

Meeting  House,   ..  50  ...  15 

Turkey  Settlement,       .  17  .        .        .  12 

New  Town,          ..  33  ...  14 

Tuscarora,               ...  45  ...  25 

Total,  291  152 


GOOD    EFFECTED    BY    THE    MISSION. 

Having  said  all  that  seems  to  be  necessary  to  explain  the 
operations  of  the  mission  the  past  year,  the  Committee  will  add 
a  few  words  on  the  general  progress  which  has  been  made  by 
the  New  York  Indians,  since  they  first  heard  the  gospel.  If 
we  may  believe  the  most  competent  testimony,  there  has  been 
very  great  improvement  in  the  comforts  and  conveniences  of 
life.  "  At  a  very  moderate  estimate,"  says  Mr.  Wright,  "  it  is 
believed  that  there  are  three  times  as  much  productive  labor  as 
there  was  in  1832,  the  first  season  I  had  the  opportunity  of  no 
ticing  the  agriculture  of  the  Indians.  My  own  impression  is, 
that  more  than  five  times  the  amount  of  provision  was  obtained 
last  year  by  Indian  labor,  than  was  obtained  from  the  same 
source  in  1832.  The  same  improvement  has  been  manifest  in 
most  things  pertaining  to  worldly  matters.  In  these  respects 
they  can  no  longer  be  regarded  as  a  savage  (and  scarcely  as  a 
semi-barbarous)  community." 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  of  Mr.  Wright,  exhibiting 
the  views  of  the  mission,  will  show  the  improvement  of  these 
Indians  in  another  respect. 

The  Indians  are  also,  with  the  aid  of  the  State  legislature,  beginning  to 
govern  themselves  by  law.  They  have  what  is  termed  a  "  peace  maker's 
court,"  nearly  equivalent  to  a  justice's  court  among  the  whites,  with  an  ap 
peal  to  a  jury  of  chiefs,  by  giving  bonds  to  abide  their  decision,  in  case  of 
dissatisfaction ;  or,  if  they  prefer,  they  can  elect  to  be  tried  in  the  first  in 
stance  before  a  jury.  They  also  tax  themselves  for  labor  on  the  highways  ; 
have  their  Reservations  divided  into  road  districts,  with  path-masters  to  su 
perintend  the  labor  appointed  by  the  peace-makers.  They  have  an  annual 
election  of  peace-makers,  treasurer,  clerk  and  chairman  of  the  national  coun 
cil  ;  and  their  election  last  May  was  conducted  with  more  propriety  than  or 
dinary  town  meetings  among  the  whites.  In  short,  they  are  rapidly  prepar 
ing  to  become  citizens  of  the  State;  and  this  result  may  be  expected  in  a  few 
years,  unless  delayed  by  some  unforeseen  intervention.  Our  fear  is  that  it 
will  occur  before  there  will  be  a  sufficient  amount  of  intelligence  to  enable 
them  to  prosper  in  the  new  relations  involved  by  such  a  change.  The  pre- 


1848.]  NEW    YORK    INDIANS.  277 

ceding  remarks  apply  to  the  Senecas  and  those  who  reside  with  them.  It  is 
not  known  that  the  Tuscaroras  have  taken  any  steps  towards  coming  under 
law ;  although  they  are,  perhaps,  quite  as  well  prepared  for  it  as  the  Senecas, 
and  even  less  likely  to  suffer  from  the  extension  of  the  State  laws  over  them. 

The  change  in  regard  to  temperance,  though  not  all  that 
could  be  wished,  is  certainly  as  great  as  was  to  be  expected, 
taking  into  the  account  the  adverse  influences  that  flow  in  upon 
them  from  the  surrounding  population.  While  it  is  true  that 
many  still  drink  to  excess,  whenever  they  can  obtain  the  means 
of  intoxication,  it  is  also  true  that  the  majority,  in  the  stand 
which  they  have  taken,  are  decidedly  in  advance  of  most  of 
the  neighboring  towns.  "  The  Tuscaroras,"  says  Mr.  Wright, 
"  as  a  body  go  against  licenses  ;  and  we  believe,  if  the  question 
for  the  State  of  New  York,  or  for  the  world,  could  be  left  to 
the  uninfluenced  vote  of  the  Senecas,  on  all  their  Reservations, 
their  glad  response  would  be,  *  No  license,  and  a  rigid  punish 
ment  for  the  sale  of  intoxicating  beverages  of  all  descriptions.": 

But  what,  it  may  be  asked,  have  been  the  spiritual  results  of 
the  labor  which  has  been  bestowed  upon  this  field  ?  The 
opinion  of  the  brethren  on  this  important  point  is  set  forth  in 
the  subjoined  extract. 

An  examination  of  the  records  of  the  churches  shows  that,  from  the  com 
mencement,  there  have  been  probably  more  than  four  hundred  and  fifty  In 
dian  members  connected  with  them  ;  while  the  number  of  children  and  others 
who  have  died,  expressing  a  hope  of  pardon  through  the  Redeemer,  without 
having  united  with  the  churches,  will  probably  make  good  the  number  o£ 
those  who  have  been  excommunicated,  and  have  remained  permanently  sep 
arated  from  the  churches.  The  population  on  the  Reservations  occupied  by 
the  mission  has  probably,  at  no  time,  exceeded  three  thousand ;  and  to  this 
day  nearly  one-half  of  the  people  are  professedly  attached  to  the  pagan  party. 
At  present  the  population  of  the  three  Reservations  is  only  about  twenty-five- 
hundred  ;  and  as  the  number  of  church  members  is  about  two  hundred  and 
seventy,  about  one  in  five  of  all  who  pretend  to  belong  to  the  Christian  party, 
or  to  pay  any  attention  at  all  to  the  preaching  of  the  gospel,  is  a  communi 
cant.  If  half  of  these  ever  reach  heaven,  we  shall  have  no  cause  to  regret 
the  amount  of  labor  and  expense  bestowed  upon  the  New  York  Indians. 
And  yet,  considering  the  difference  in  knowledge  and  the  effect  of  past 
habits,  perhaps  the  average  evidence  of  piety  should  be  regarded  equal  to 
that  of  most  churches  among  the  whites. 

It  is  obvious,  however,  that  much  remains  to  be  done  before 
the  triumph  of  the  gospel  shall  be  complete.  From  the  fore 
going  extract  it  appears  that  a  large  part  of  the  population  on 
the  Reservations  is  professedly  pagan.  For  them  the  prayers 
of  Christians  in  this  land  should  ascend  continually,  that  the 
veil  may  be  taken  from  their  hearts,  and  that  they  may  receive 
the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus.  Many,  moreover,  who  have  renoun 
ced  the  errors  of  their  former  faith,  are  still  strangers  to  the 
renovating  power  of  the  gospel ;  and  sad,  indeed,  will  it  be,  if 
the  little  light  which  has  found  its  way  to  their  minds,  shall 
24 


278  ABENAQ.UIS.  [Report, 

only  aggravate  their  final  condemnation.  And  even  the  disci 
ples  of  our  common  Master  need  to  understand  the  right  way 
of  the  Lord  more  perfectly.  Let  us  continue  our  efforts,  there 
fore,  in  the  hope  of  a  more  abundant  harvest. 


MISSION  TO  THE  ABENAQUIS. 

ST.  FRANCIS. — P.  P.  Osunkhirhine,  Native  Preacher. 
(1  station}  1  native  preacher.) 

No  material  change  has  been  reported  in  the  state  or  prospects 
of  this  mission  since  the  last  annual  meeting.  In  September, 
1847,  Mr.  Osurikhirhine  stated  that  the  whole  number  of  ad 
missions  to  the  church  at  St.  Francis,  from  its  formation,  had 
been  sixty-nine  ;  eight  of  whom  had  died,  and  twenty-four  had 
gone  astray,  some  having  been  suspended,  and  others  having 
withdrawn.  Of  the  thirty-six  then  in  good  standing,  eleven 
were  males  and  twenty-five  were  females.  Under  date  of  July 
10,  1848,  he  reported  four  additional  deaths,  and  thirty-four 
communicants  in  good  standing  ;  two  or  three  others  having 
g^ne  astray,  while  five  had  been  restored  to  church  fellowship 
the  previous  month.  The  irregularity  arid  apostasy  of  so  many 
who  once  professed  to  be  born  of  the  Spirit,  is  ascribed  to  their 
unsettled  manner  of  life,  whereby  they  are  exposed  to  peculiar 
temptations,  at  the  same  time  that  they  are  deprived  of  the  sus 
taining  influence  of  Christian  intercourse  and  Christian  ordi 
nances.  Among  those  who  have  recently  finished  their  course, 
was  the  wife  of  Mr.  Osunkhirhine.  Through  the  grace  of  God 
in  Christ  Jesus,  she  was  able  to  meet  her  last  enemy  without 
fear.  "I  have  been  a  great  sinner,"  she  said  ;  "  yes,  1  have  felt, 
and  now  feel,  that  I  have  been  a  greater  sinner  than  others. 
But  I  also  see  that  the  goodness  of  God  is  greater.  He  has  for 
given  all  my  sins." 

The  school  taught  by  Simon  Annance,  one  of  the  St.  Francis 
Indians,  has  varied  in  size  from  ten  to  eighteen  ;  the  number 
depending  very  much  upon  the  presence  or  absence  of  a  portion 
of  the  families  who  have  no  permanent  residence.  The  same 
fluctuation  has  been  experienced  in  the  attendance  on  public 
worship.  A  Sabbath  school  has  been  sustained,  as  heretofore  ; 
also  a  Bible  class  for  adults,  from  which  some  appear  to  have 
derived  spiritual  profit. 


1848.]  SUMMARY.  279 


SUMMARY, 

From  the  foregoing  survey,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Board 
has  under  its  care  twenty-four  missions,  embracing  ninety-six 
stations,  one  hundred  and  fifty-two  ordained  missionaries  nine 
of  them  being  also  physicians,  five  licensed  preachers,  four  phy 
sicians  not  ordained,  twenty-nine  other  male  and  two  hundred 
and  four  female  assistant  missionaries  ;  making  three  hundred 
and  ninety-four  laborers  who  have  been  sent  forth  from  this 
country.  Associated  with  these  are  twenty-four  native  preach 
ers,  and  one  hundred  and  thirty-nine  other  native  helpers ;  con 
sequently  the  whole  number  of  persons  in  connection  with  the 
missions  is  five  hundred  and  fifty-seven,  being  thirty-one  more 
than  were  reported  last  year. 

The  number  of  churches,  organized  and  watched  over  by 
these  different  missions,  is  seventy-five ;  and  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  thirty-eight  hopeful  disciples  of  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  have  been  reported,  since  the  last  annual  meeting,  as 
having  been  received  into  Christian  fellowship ;  making  the 
present  number  of  communicants  twenty-five  thousand  nine 
hundred  and  thirty-nine. 

The  educational  department  embraces  twelve  seminaries  for 
the  training  of  native  preachers  and  teachers,  in  which  there  are 
five  hundred  and  eighty-six  scholars  ;  eighteen  other  boarding 
schools,  in  which  there  are  one  hundred  and  eighty- three  male 
and  three  hundred  and  fifty-eight  female  pupils  ;  also  three 
hundred  and  two  free  schools,  in  which  ten  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  eighteen  children  and  youth  are  taught,  making 
the  whole  number,  directly  or  indirectly  under  the  instruction 
of  the  missionaries,  eleven  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty- 
five.  The  common  schools  at  the  Sandwich  Islands,  as  they 
are  wholly  supported  by  the  natives,  are  not  included  in  this 
estimate. 

The  present  number  of  printing  establishments  is  eleven  ; 
connected  with  which  there  are  seven  type  and  stereotype 
founderies,  and  fonts  of  type  for  printing  in  nearly  thirty  lan 
guages.  During  the  past  year  46,173,345  pages  are  reported  as 
having  been  printed,  making  the  whole  number  of  pages,  from 
the  commencement  of  the  missions,  635,040,844. 


PECUNIARY  ACCOUNTS. 


Expenditures  of  the  Board  during  the  year  ending  July  31, 1848, 


Mission  to  South  Africa. 

Remittances  and  purchases,  .....  $12,229  00 

Outfit  and  expenses  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Marsh,         .  .  .  443  45 

Do.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rood,  .  .  302  10 

Do.  Mr.  Ireland,  .  .  .  .  110  00 

Passage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Marsh  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rood  from 

Boston  to  Cape  Town,  ...  600  00 — 13,884  55 

Mission  to    West  Africa. 

Drafts  and  purchases,          .            .            .           ...  1,94439 

Outfit  and  expenses  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bushnell,      ...  738  22 

Do.               Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson,         .            .            .  591  75 

Do.               Mr.  and  Mrs.  Preston,        ...  591  59 

Do.               Mr.  Wheeler,         .            .            .            .  501  00 

Do.               Mrs.  Griswold,       .            .            .            .  159  00 

Passage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Preston,  Mr.  and 

Mrs.  Bushnell,  Mr.  Wheeler  and  Mrs.  Griswold,  to  W.  Africa,  1,200  00 5,725  95 

Mission  to  Greece. 
Remittances,  purchases,  &c.,          ..... 

Mission  to  Turkey. 
Remittances,  drafts  and  purchases..  .... 

Outfit  of  Mr.  Crane,  ...... 

Expenses  of  Mr.  Jackson  and  family,        .... 

Mission  to  Syria. 

Remittances,  drafts  and  purchases,  .... 

•  Outfit  and  expenses  of  Mr.  Calhoun,          .... 

Do.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ford, 

Do.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilson, 

Do.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Foot, 

Passage  of  Mr.  and   Mrs.  Ford,  Mr.   and  Mrs.   Wilson,  and 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Foot  from  Boston  to  Smyrna,    . 
Expenses  of  Mr.  Laurie,    ...... 

Grant  to  Mr.  Lanneau,        .  ..... 


1,475  33 


47,834  81 
50  00 
160  50 48,045  31 


14,939  37 
341  20 
505  83 
482  75 
456  71 

600  00 
113  20 
400  00 — 17,839  06 


Mission  to  the  Nestorians  of  Persia. 

Remittances,  purchases,  &c.,         .....       10,34368 
Expenses  of  Mr.  Breath,    ......  327  37 — 10,671  05 


Bombay  Mission. 

Purchases,  (the  expenses  of  the  mission  having  been  defrayed 
chiefly  from  previous  remittances  and  avails  of  the  press,)    . 


88  03 


1848.] 


PECUNIARY    ACCOUNTS. 


281 


Akmednuggur  Mission. 

Remittances  and  purchases,  . 

Passage  of  Mr.  Abbott  and  family  from  Liverpool  to  Boston, 

Expenses  of  do.  since  their  return  to  this  country, 


Madras  Mission. 


Remittances,  drafts  and  purchases, 

Madura  Mission. 

Remittances  and  purchases,  . 

Outfit  and  expenses  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Little,  .  .  y 

Passage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Little  from  Boston  to  Madras,  . 

Outfit  and  expenses  of  Dr.  Shelton, 

Expenses  of  A.  North,  including  passage  from  London,  . 

Do.        Mrs.  Lawrence  and  family,  including  passage  from 

London,  .     •       . 


Ceylon  Mission. 


Remittances,  drafts  and  purchases, 
Outfit  and  expenses  of  Mr.  Mills, 

Do.  Mr.  Burned, 

Expenses  of  Mr.  Hutchings  and  family, 
Do.        Dr.  Ward  and  family, 


Mission  to  Siam. 


Remittances  and  purchases,          .... 
Expenses  of  Doct.  Bradley  and  children, 

Canton  Mission. 

Remittances,  purchases,  &c.,         . 

Outfit  and  expenses  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Williams,    . 

Passage  of  Mr,  and  Mrs.  Williams  to  Canton,     . 

Amoy  Mission. 


Remittances,  pnrchases,  &c., 


Fuh-chau  Mission. 


Remittances  and  purchases,  ..... 

Outfit  and  expenses  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cummings,  . 

Do.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Baldwin, 

Do.  Mr.  Richards,  .... 

Passage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cummings.,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Baldwin,  and 
Mr.  Richards  from  Philadelphia  to  Canton,  . 


14,670  00 
174  24 
546  49 —  15,389  73 


29,742  24 
273  59 
460  00 
38481 
521  24 


5,942  03 


752  88 — 32,134  76 


29,715  56 
456  85 
102  50 
600  00 
629  78 — 31,504 


1,275  95 
594  95 1,870  90 


7,894  11 
550  00 
450  00 8,894  11 


3,203  30 


4,506  00 
697  84 
140  16 
302  10 


1,12500 6,771  10 

Mission  to  Borneo. 
The  expenses  of  this  mission  have  been  defrayed  by  previous  remittances. 

Mission  to  the  Sandwich  Islands. 


Remittances,  drafts,  purchases,  &c., 
Outfit  and  expenses  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kinney, 

.       31,331  28 
481  54 

Do.               Mr.  Dwight, 

271  82 

Passage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kinney  and  Mr.  Dwig 

it  from 

Boston 

to  Honolulu,     .... 

675  00 

Expenses  of  Mr.  Forbes,    .          '.     ; 

294  70 

Grant  to  Mr.  Ruggles, 

100  00 

Do.    Mrs.  Shepard,      . 

100  00  —  33,254  34 

Oregon  Mission. 

Drafts  and  purchases,         ........ 

474  37 

Mission  to  the  Choctaws. 

Drafts,  purchases,  &c.,      .,.'-'. 

5,495  13 

Mission  to  the  Cherokees. 

Drafts,  purchases,  &c.,      ........ 

4,406  47 

24* 

282 


PECUNIARY    ACCOUNTS. 


[Report, 


Drafts,  purchases,  &c., 


DraAs,  purchases,  &c., 


Drafts,  purchases,  &c., 


Mission  to  the  Sioux. 


Mission  to  the  Ojibwas. 
Stockbridge  Mission. 


2,762  51 


1,592  16 


265  93 


Mission  among  the  Indians  in  New  York. 

586  06 
1,226  G6 


Tuscarora  station, 
Seneca          do. 

Cattaraugus  do 815  89 

Alleghany    do .  1,55020 4,17881 

Mission  to  the  Abenaquis. 

Expenses  of  the  station  at  St.  Francis,      .           .           .        :'v.:"  -,           .         59338 

Indian  Missions  Generally. 
Transportation,  cartage,  labor,  &c.  for  various  stations,  .       ,  '",- '**'       .         384  36 

Agencies. 

Salary  of  Rev.  J.  P.  Fisher,  8  months,      .  500  00 

Traveling  expenses,  &c.  of  do.      .            .                                    .  137  41 
Salary  of  Rev.  I.  M.  Weed,  11  months,    .                                    .55000 

Traveling  expenses,  &c.  of  do.                                                     .  75  16 

Salary  of  Rev.  H.  Coe,  one  year,             .  600  00 

Traveling  expenses,  &c.  of  do.                                                      .  37  69 

Salary  of  Rev.  A.  S.  Wells,  one  year,      .  600  00 

Traveling  expenses,  &c.  of  do.      .                                                .  142  20 

Salary  and  traveling  expenses  of  Rev.  A.  Gleason,  10  months,    .  605  14 

Salary  of  Rev.  O.  Cowles,  10£  months,     .  656  25 
Traveling  expenses,  &c.  of  do.      .            .                                     .9433 

Salary  of  Rev.  William  Clark,  one  year,  .  700  00 

Traveling  expenses,  &c.  of  do.      .            .                                    .    •  299  88 

Salary  of  Rev.  I.  R.  Worcester,  one  year,                                    .  750  00 
Traveling  expenses,  &c.of  do.      .                                                .26869 

Salary  of  Rev.  F.  E.  Cannon,  one  year,  .                                   ..  900  00 

Traveling  expenses,  &c.  of  do.                  .                                   .: .  192  87 

Salary  of  Rev.  D.  Malin,  one  year,            .                                   .  1,350  00 

Traveling  expenses,  &c.  of  do.      .            .                                     .  2l3  15 

Services  and  traveling  expenses  of  temporary  agents,                  .  591  51 

Deputations  to  attend  anniversaries,  &c.,  .            .                        .  51810 9,78238 

Agency  in  New  York. 

Salary  of  agent  and  clerk  for  the  year  ending  July  31,  1848,  1,500  00 

Office  rent,  .            .....  650  00 

Stationery,  &c.,      ....                                    .  2550 2,17550 

Publications. 

Cost  of  the  Missionary  Herald,  including  the  salaries  of  the  editor 
and  agent,  from  August,  1847,  to  July,  1848,  inclusive,  16,700 
copies,  .  .  .  .  .  .  7,745  99 

Deduct  amount  received  of  subscribers,    .  .  4,648  63 3,097  36 

(There  having  been  distributed  to  individuals,  auxiliary  societies, 
&c.  entitled  to  it  by  the  rules  of  the  Board.  9.568  copies  which 
cost  #4,433.) 

Cost  of  Dayspring  from  August,  1847,  to  July,  1848,  in 
clusive,  47,290  copies,    ....  4,385  57 

Deduct  amount  received  of  subscribers,   .  .  3,151  37 1,234  20 

Thirty-eighth  annual  Report,  5,000  copies,            .  862  87 

Abstract  of              do.              200      do.  16  00 

Maps,  &c.  of  Missionary  Stations,                 2,000  copies  54  14 

Missionary  Tracts,  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4  and  5,     21,500    do.  386  65 

Dr.  Magie's  Sermon,                                      3,000    do.  96  50 

Narrative  of  Nestorian  Revival,                     5,000    do.  104  21 

Rev.  J.  L.  Wilson's  Address,                         2,000    do.  47  00 

Statement,  &c.,                                            17,000    do.  233  03 

Dibble's  Thoughts  on  Missions,  150  00 

Circulars,  notices,  &cv  70  00 6,351  96 


1848.]  PECUNIARY    ACCOUNTS.  283 

Secretaries'  Department. 

Salary  of  Dr.  Anderson,  for  the  year  ending  July  31,  1848, 
$  1,700;  less  $900  received  from  the  fund  created  for  this 
purpose,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  800  00 

Do.  of  Mr.  Greene,  $1,700  j  less  as  above,  $900  ;  800  00 

Clerk  hire .  50000 2,10000 

Treasurer's  Department. 

Salary  of  the  Treasurer  for  the  year  ending  July  31,  1848, 
$1,700;  less  $900  received  from  the  fund  created  for  this 
purpose,  .  ......  800  00 

Clerk  hire,  .       "  _/.  ./ X 1,15833 1,95833 

Miscellaneous  Charges. 

Postage  of  letters  and  pamphlets,  .  .  .  .  .  802  05 

Fuel  and  oil,  130  50 

Blank  books,  receipts,  certificates,  stationery,  &c.,  .  .  102  39 

Periodicals  and  binding  of  books,  &c.,  .  .  .  .  98  30 

Books  for  the  Library, •  .  22214 

Care  of  the  Missionary  House,  making  fires,  lighting,  attendance 

and  labor,  .  ....  314  00 

Freight,  cartage,  wharfage,  &c.,  .  ',  >•-*".;  •  •  10471 
Furnace  for  Missionary  House,  fixtures,  carpenters'  work  and 

painting,  .            .            .            .            .            .            .           .  288  23 

Insurance  on  property  in  do.           .        ''  .    ,""''.            .            .  31  25 

Copying  of  letters  and  documents,             .            .            .            .  131  68 

Expenses  of  meetings  in  behalf  of  the  Board,  in  Boston  and  New 

York,  held  in  May  and  June, 107  65 

Discount  on  bank  notes  and  drafts,  counterfeit  notes,  and  interest 

on  borrowed  money,        .           «            .            .            .            .  781  95 3,11485 

Total  expenditures  of  the  Board,  ......  282,330  38 

Balance  for  which  the  Board  was  in  debt  August  1, 1847,  .  .  31,616  86 

Bancroft  Ubrarj    *313'94724 


Receipts  of  the  Board  during  the  year  ending  July  31,  1848, 


Donations  as  acknowledged  in  the  Missionary  Herald, 

Legacies,  do.  do. 

Interest  on  General  Permanent  Fund,  ($22,613  61  being 

Missionary  House,)  ..... 
Interest  on  the  Ashley  Fund,  .... 
Avails  of  Maumee  Lands,  .... 


nvested  in  the 


225,595  01 
26,157  49 

1,953  00 

300  00 

50  96 


254,056  46 
Balance  for  which  the  Board  is  in  debt,  carried  to  new  account,  August  1, 

1848,   .  ._ .  59,890  78 

313,947  24 
GENERAL  PERMANENT  FUND. 

This  Fund  amounts,  as  last  year,  to    .  .  .  .  .  .        $56,126  14 

PERMANENT  FUND  FOR  OFFICERS. 

This  Fund  amounts,  as  last  year,  to     .  .  .  .  .        $39,835  87 

FUND  FOR  OFFICERS, 

Balance  on  hand  last  year,       .......  31  03 

Received  within  the  year,  for  interest  on  the  Permanent  fund  for  Officers,     .  2,780  60 

2,811  63 
Paid  balance  of  salaries  of  Secretaries  and  Treasurer,  $900  to  each,  .  2,700  00 

Balance  on  hand,  .  .  .       •;'.,  .  .  .  11163 


284 


DONATIONS. 


[Report, 


SUMMARY  OF  DONATIONS  RECEIVED  DURING  THE  YEAR. 


MAINE. 

AUXILIARY  SOCIETIES  : 

Cumberland  County, 
Franklin  County, 

Daniel  Evans,  Tr. 
Rev.  I.  Rogers,  Tr. 

Portland, 
Farmington, 

2,491  54 

4825 

Kennebec  Conf.  of  chs. 
Lincoln  County, 
Penobscot  County, 
Somerset  County, 

B.  Nason,  Tr. 
Rev.  E.  Seabury,  Tr. 
J.  S.  Wheelwright,  Tr. 
Calvin  Selden,  Tr. 

Halloweli, 
New  Castle, 
Bangor, 
Norridgewock, 

428  11 
1,281  93 
786  37 
49  32 

York  Conf.  of  chs. 
Washington  County, 

Rev.  G.  W.  Cressey,  Tr. 

Kennebunk, 

754  60 
112  71  —  5,952  83 

862  13 

Legacies, 

*            :    A     •'".-    .'•., 

140  00 

6,95496 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Cheshire  County, 

W.  Lamson,  Tr. 

Keene, 

1,187  04 

Grafton  County, 
Hillsboro'  County, 

W.  W.  Russell,  Tr. 
J.  A.  Wheat,  Tr. 

Plymouth, 
Nashua, 

971  09 
2,366  46 

Mcrrimack  County, 

G.  Hutchins,  Tr. 

Concord, 

1,524  18 

Rockiugham  Conf.  of  chs. 
Strafford  Conf.  of  chs. 

Joseph  Boardman,  Tr. 
E.  J.  Lane,  Tr. 

Exeter, 
Dover, 

1,726  09 
656  38 

Sullivan  County, 

D.  S.  Dutton, 

Clare  mont, 

631  11  —  9,062  35 

Towns  not  associated, 

... 

293  95 

Legacies, 

. 

679  01 

10,035  31 

VEEMONT. 

Addison  County, 

Amon  Wilcox,  Tr. 

Middlebury, 

704  12 

Caledonia  County, 
Chittenden  County, 
Franklin  County, 

E.  Jewett,  Tr. 
M.  A.  Seymour,  Tr. 
C.  F.  Saftord,  Tr. 

St.  Johnsbury, 
Burlington, 
St.  A  1  bans, 

2,011  15 
1,116  28 
239  00 

Orange  County, 

505  39 

Orleans  County, 

T.  Jameson,  Tr. 

Irasburgh, 

202  69 

Rutland  County, 
Washington  County, 

James  Barrett,  Jr. 
J.  W.  Howes,  Tr. 

Rutland, 
Montpelier, 

1,697  75 
410  14 

Windham  County, 

F.  Tyler,  Tr. 

948  67 

Windsor  County, 

E.  P.  Nevens,  Tr. 
Towns  not  associated, 

Royalton, 

630  12  —  8,465  31 
398  25 

Legacies, 

*    ,/    '*-  '' 

.     1,524  39 

10,385  95 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Bamstable  County, 
Berkshire  County, 

Walter  Crocker,  Tr. 
Rev.  J.  J.  Dana,  Tr. 

W.  Bamstable, 

S.  Adams, 

659  85 
3,829  29 

Boston, 

S.  A.  Danforth,  Agent, 

Boston, 

13,795  68 

Brookfield  Association, 

William  Hyde,  Tr. 

Ware, 

3,302  80 

Essex  County,  North, 

James  Caldwell,  Tr. 

Newburyport, 

2,338  48 

Essex  County,  South, 

C.  M.  Richardson,  Tr. 

Salem, 

4,869  53 

Franklin  County, 
Hampden  County, 
Hampshire  County, 
Harmony  Conf.  of  chs. 
Lowell  and  vicinity, 

Lewis  Merriam,  Tr. 
Charles  Merriam,  Tr. 
J.  D.  Whitney,  Tr. 
W.  C.  Capron,  Tr. 
W.  Davidson,  Tr. 

Greenfield, 
Springfield, 
Northampton, 
Uxbridge, 
Lowell, 

1,494  41 
4,813  32 
7,331  83 
1,579  34 
424  83 

Middlesex  Noith  and  vie. 

J.  S.  Adams,  Tr. 

Groton, 

1,336  77 

Middlesex  South  Conf.  of  chs. 

1,109  25 

Norfolk  County, 

Rev.  S.  Harding,  Tr. 

East  Medway, 

3,078  46 

Old  Colony, 

H.  Coeeeshall,  Tr. 

New  Bedford, 

925  11 

Palestine  Missionary  Society,  Ebenezer  Alden.Tr. 
Pilgrim  Association,                Josiah  Robbins,  Tr. 

Randolph, 
Plymouth, 

1,460  57 
404  69 

Taunton  and  vicinity. 

1,310  76 

Worcester  County,  North, 
Worcester  Central, 

Benjamin  Hawkes,  Tr. 
A.  D.  Foster,  Tr. 

Temple  ton, 
Worcester, 

825  81 
4,464  73—59,358  51 

.     5,518  26 

Legacies, 

.* 

.     6,586  02 

71,459  79 


1848.] 


DONATIONS. 


285 


AUXILIARY  SOCIETIES: 
Fairfield  County,  East, 
Fairfield  County,  West, 
Hartfoid  County, 
Hartford  County,  South, 
Litchfield  County, 
Middlesex  Association, 
New  Haven  County,  East, 
New  Haven  Co.,  W.  Conso. 
New  Haven  City, 
New  London  and  vicinity, 
Norwich  and  vicinity, 
Tolland  County, 
Windham  County,  North, 
Windham  County,  South, 


CONNECTICUT. 


Charles  Marvin,  Tr. 

A.  W.  Butler,  Tr. 

H.  S.  Ward,  Tr. 

C.  L.  Webb,  Tr. 

S  Silliman,  Tr. 

A.  H.  Maltby,  Agent, 

A.  Townsend,  Jr.,  Tr. 

A.  H.  Maltby,  Agent, 

C.  Chew,  Tr. 

F.  A.  Perkins,  Tr. 

Jonathan  R.  Flynt,  Tr. 

J.  B.  Gay,  Tr. 

Zalmon  Storrs,  Tr. 

A  Friend, 

Legacies, 


Wilton, 

Hartford, 

Middletown, 

Litchfield, 

Essex, 

New  Haven, 

do. 

do. 

New  London, 
Norwich, 
Tolland, 
Thompson, 
Mansfield, 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


1,139  68 
2,357  77 
7,587  63 
1,828  41 
4,143  25 

961  74 
1,199  98 
2,066  59 
4,079  30 
1,349  97 
1,990  72 
2,170  06 
1,607  06 

918  51-33,400  67 

50  00 

.     6,037  50 

39,488  17 


Rhode  Island  Auxiliary  Society, 


NEW  YORK. 


Auburn  and  vicinity, 
Board  of  For.  Missions  in 

Ref.  Dutch  Church, 
Buffalo  and  vicinity, 
Chatauque  County, 
Geneva  and  vicinity, 
Greene  County, 


Oneida  County, 
Otsego  County, 
Plattsburgh  and  vicinity, 
St.  Lawrence  County, 
Syracuse  and  vicinity, 
Washington  County, 
Watertown  and  vicinity, 


T.  M.  Hunt,  Agent, 

Auburn, 

1,321  31 

C.  S.  Little,  Tr. 

8,493  55 

James  Crocker,  Agent, 

Buffalo, 

1,523  13 

J.  D.  Carlisle,  Tr. 

Westfield, 

292  09 

C.  A.  Cook,  Agent, 
John  Doane,  Agent, 

Geneva, 
Catskill, 

4,557  94 
612  97 

Ebenezer  Ely,  Agent, 
L,J.  W.  Tracy, 
James  Dana,  Tr. 

Rochester, 
New  York  City, 
Utica, 

3,944  50 
11,598  39 
1,818  13 

787  38 

511  61 

H.  D.  Smith,  Tr. 

Gouverneur, 

434  24 

J.  Hall,  Agent, 

308  77 

M.  Freeman,  Tr. 

Salem, 

335  72 

Adriel  Ely, 

Watertown 

510  00-37,049  73 

Towns  not  associated 

.  12,291  85 

Legacies, 

. 

.     4,36227 

53,703  85 


NEW  JERSEY. 


Donations, 
Legacies, 


5,047  92 
5,726  50 


10,774  42 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


Donations, 
Legacies, 


DELAWARE, 


Donations, 


MARYLAND. 


Board  of  Foreign  Missions  in  Germ.  Ref.  Church,  Rev.  Elias  Heiner,  Tr.,  Baltimore, 
Towns  not  associated,  ........ 

Legacies,  .......... 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 


Donations, 


610  99 


1,300  00 

1,254  00 

10950 

sT,663  50 


367  08 


VIRGINIA. 


Richmond  and  vicinity,  S.  Reeve,  Richmond,  Tr., 
Towns  not  associated, 


1,074 
659 

1,734 


286 


DONATIONS. 


OHIO. 


[Report, 


Western  For.  Missionary  Society,  G.  L.  Weed,  Cincinnati,  Tr. 
Western  Reserve,  Rev.  H.Coe,  Hudson,  O.,  Agent, 
Towns  not  associated,             .           .           . 

J   '        .           .         3,774  31 
4,19631 
*  .       >"t""        .         2,211  66 

£'.         '..           .'•'  '       380  00 

10,562  28 

INDIANA. 

Donations,           . 



.        1,030  03 

ILLINOIS. 

Donations, 

.        3,266  54 

MICHIGAN. 

Michigan  Auxiliary  Society,  E.  Bingham,  Tr.,  Detroit, 
Towns  not  associated,              .           .           .           .           . 

2,400  45 
889  95 

3,290  40 

WISCONSIN. 

Donations, 

"    .        %  T  :~     .           80819 

IOWA. 

Donations, 

**  ....    i     .,    :"V  '        161  95 

MISSOURI. 

1,112  55 

ARKANSAS. 

Donations, 

65  00 

LOUISIANA. 

Donations, 

14  .           .      *•''•.           193  29 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Donations,         .           . 

.     ':  v-''  -\    -      3500 

ALABAMA. 

Donations, 

....          61750 

GEORGIA. 

Donation,         .          .  .  .          .      '    .:.'*'•, •  '''    •      '  .•      ';   •    ••".  ••        1,55987 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Charleston  and  vicinity,  R.  L.  Stewart,  Tr.,  Charleston,      . 


484  40 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Donations, 

15  25 

KENTUCKY. 

Donations, 

259  21 

TENNESSEE. 

Donation*, 
Legacies,          . 

1,111  90 

;  k  -  •       154  30 

1,266  20 

FLORIDA. 

Donations, 

15  00 

IN  FOREIGN  LANDS,  fee. 

Donations, 

5,150  12 

UNKNOWN. 

Donations, 

407  59 

Total,           .... 

$251,752  50 

1848.]         BOOKS  PRINTED  IN  THE    CHEROKEE  LANGUAGE. 


287 


Books  printed  in  the  Cherokee  Language  previously  to  Jan.  18, 1848. 


Gospel  of  Matthew 

1st  ed. 
2d  „ 
3d  // 
4th  i, 
1st  // 
2d  // 
3d  n 
4th  ,i 
5th  // 
1st  // 
2d  n 
1st  // 
2d  n 
3d  ,i 
1st  '/ 

ad  // 

1st    i 
2d    / 
3d    / 
4th    / 
5th    / 
6th    , 
7th    t 

1st  // 
2d  // 

1st  // 
2d  // 
1st  // 
2d  // 
1st  n 
2d  n 
3d  // 
4th  it 

on, 

1829      24mo.  124pp. 
1833          n      124 
1840          n       120 
1844          //       120 
1831      12mo.    12 
1834      24ino.    24 
1835          //        24 
1843-4      //        24 
1848          n        24 
1834          //      127 
1842          //       124 
1839           /       101 
1842           /      101 
1847           /       101 
1840           t        20 
1843           /        20 
1845          //        28 
1847          n         16 

1,000  copies, 
3,000 
3,000 
5,000—12.000 
1,500  i 
3,000  \ 
5,000 
5,000 
2,000—16,500 
3,000 
5,000  8,000 
1,500 
5,000 
4,000—10,500 
3,000 
5,000  8,000 
5,000 
4,000 

124,000  pages  in  all 
372,000 
360,000 
600,000—1,456,000 
18,000 
72,000 
120,000 
120,000 
48,000  378,000 
381,000 
620,000-1,001,000 
151,500 
505,000 
404,000—1,060,500 
60,000 
100,000  160,000 
140,000 
64,000 

Select  Passages  of  Scripture,    . 

Gospel  of  John,           .        .    . 

Epistles  of  John              .    .    . 

Epistles  to  Timothy    

Epistle  of  James 

Total  of  Scriptures,          64,000 
1829      24mo.    52           800 
1830      18mo.    36        1,500 
1832          n        36         1,750 
1833      24mo.    48        3,000? 
1836          //        48        5,000 
1841          //        68        5,000 
1844-5      //        69        5,000—22,050 
1829      12mo.     12                         300 
1833          n        12        3,000 
1843      24mo.    18        5,000  —  8,000 
1835      18mo.      8                         200 
1836      12mo.    16           450 
1838          //        24           500 
1839           /        36        2,000 
1840           /        36        1,800 
1842           /        36        1,000 
1843           /        36        1,000 
1844           i        36        1,000 
1845           /        36           600 
1846           /        36        1,000 
1847           /        36        1,000 
1848           /        36        1,000-11,350 
1838      24mo.      8                     3,000 
1838      12mo.     12        1,500 
1844-5  24mo.    20        5,000  —  6,500 
1838      12mo.     12        1,500 
1844      24mo.    24        5,000  —  6,500 
1839          //        24        1,500 
1840          n        24        3,000 
1841-5      n        24        1,000 
1845-6      //        24        5,000—10,500 
1842          //        45                      1,000 
1842          //        11                      5,000 
1842      12mo.    54                      1,000 
1842          n         12                       1,000 
1842          //          8                      1,000 
1844-5  24mo.    24                     4,000 
1845-6      //        24                      5.000 

1846-7      n       69                      5,000 

4,359,500 
41,600 
54,000 
63,000 
144,000 
240,000 
340,000 
345,000—1,127,600 
3,600 
36,000 
90,000  126,000 
1,600 
7,200 
12,000 
72,000 
64,800 
36,000 
36,000 
36,000 
21,600 
36,000 
36,000 
36,000  393,600 
24,000 
18,000 
100,000  118,000 
18,000 
120,000  138,000 
36,000 
72,000 
24,000 
120,000  —  -252,000 
45,000 
55,000 
54,000 
12,000 
8,000 
96,000 
120,000 

345,000 

Church  Litany  of  U.  Brethren, 
Poor  Sarah     

Child's  Book 

Cherokee  Almanac  for     .... 

Cherokee  Catechism  
Tract  on  Marriage,     

Tract  on  Temperance,    .... 

Discipline  of  Methodist  church, 
Address  on  Intemperance,  .    .    . 
Const  and  Laws  of  the  Cher.  Nati 
Message  of  Principal  Chief,    .    . 
Special  Message  of  Prin.  Chief,  . 
Miscellanoous  Pieces,     .... 
Sermon  and  Tract,  David  Rouge, 
Dairyman's  Daughter  and  ) 
Bob  the  Sailor  Boy,            \ 

155,400 


7,278,900 


It  will  be  understood,  of  course,  that  several  of  the  foregoing  works  were  not  published  at  the 
expense  of  the  Board. 


288 


BOOKS  PRINTED  IN  THE  CHOCTAW  LANGUAGE.      [Report, 


Books  printed  in  the  Choctaw  Language. 


SPELLING  BOOKS. 
Isted.  Znded. 

1825  Choctaw  Spelling  Book,  with  English  translation, 

1827        2nd  edition  of  the  same,  enlarged, 

Choctaw  Spelling  Book,  without  translation, 
Same,  enlarged, 

3d  edition  of  same,  duodecimo, 
4th        do.  do. 

1st  part  of  do.  . 


1827 


1830 
1836 
1846 


Pages.  No.ofed. 
500 
500 
500 
500 
3,000 
1,000 
1,000 


84 
160 


107 
72 


HYMN  BOOK. 


1829 


1827 


1831 


Choctaw  Hymn  Book, 
1833        Same,  enlarged, 
1844        3d  edition,  revised  and  enlarged, 


84  1,000 
162  3,000 
175  3,000 


PORTIONS  OF  SCRIPTURE. 


Selections  from  Genesis,  embracing  most  of  the  first  eleven  chapters, ") 
The  1st  and  146th  Psalm,  .  .  .  .  .  .  [ 

Selections  from  Matthew,  containing  2d,  8th,  13th,  14th,  26th,  27th,  !    .„ 

and  28th  chapters,  with  parts  of  1st,  3d,  9th,  17th,  and  25th  chap.  { 
Also  3d  and  llth  chapters  of  John,  with  part  of  the  2d  chap. 
The  Ten  Commandments,  .  .  .  .  .  .j 

lost  of  the  Gospels  of  Luke  and  John  arranged  in  the  form  of  a  ) 


500 


1835 

harmony  of  the  two  Gospels,  .            .            .            .            .            .  ) 
Selections  from  Genesis,  embracing  the  History  of  Joseph  and  his 
Brethren. 

1,W.IU 

Book  of  Jonah,  with  Reflections,           ...           .            .  ) 

12 

3,000 

1839 

Acts  of  the  Apostles. 

1840 

Epistles  of  John,  .            .           .           .            .           .           «         •  , 

27 

1,000 

1842 

Gospel  of  Matthew,  with  Questions,     .           ... 

198 

1,200 

1845        2nd  edition,        „  -• 

115 

1,200 

1843 

Epistle  of  James,  with  three  first  chapters  of  Revelation,      . 

48 

1,000 

1845 

Gospel  of  Mark,    .            .           .           .           . 

73 

1,200 

Do.        Luke,   .            .           .            .                     '  . 

127 

1,200 

Do.        John,     .         •«;•  »           .       v-  '*           • 

95 

1,200 

CATECHISMS. 

1827 

Dr.  Watts  second  Catechism,     .            .           .'           .           .           , 

12 

500 

1835           Do.                   do.                   .           .           .           . 

16 

2.000 

1847 

Assembly's  Shorter  Catechism,              .            .            .         .  *        '  • 

48 

1,000 

OTHER  BOOKS. 

1831 
1836 

Choctaw  Teacher,  containing  an  Epitome  of  the  History  of  the  Old  f 
Testament,  with  Reflections,  .            .            .            .            .            .  ) 
Choctaw  Reader,  a  Selection  of  Moral  and  Religious  Pieces,  suitable 

136 

for  Reading.  in  Choctaw  Schools. 

1835 

Na-holhtena,  or  Choctaw  Arithmetic,    ..... 

72 

1,000 

1845        2nd  edition,  same,          .           .           .           .                       . 

72 

1,000 

TRACTS. 

1827 

Henry  Obookiah,  abridged,          ...... 

500 

1836        Same,     ......... 

3,000 

1827 

Catharine  Brown,  abridged,        .            .           .           .           .            . 

500 

1836        2nd  edition,        

3,000 

Tract  respecting  Christ—  his  Life,  Character  and  Doctrines,  .            .  \ 
New  Birth,  its  Nature  and  Necessity,    .           .            .           .            .  f 
Repentance  necessary  to  Salvation,        .            .           .           .            .  ( 
Resurrection  and  General  Judgment,      .           .           .           .            .  ) 
1835        2nd  edition,        .           

31 
39 

500 
1,000 

1845        3d  edition,          

28 

1,000 

1834 

On  the  Sabbath,    .           .           .            .           .            .           .      <>*+•; 

17 

3,000 

1835 

On  Family  Education  and  Government,  from  Prov.  22  :  6.      . 

48 
36 

],500 
1,000 

54 

3,000 

1848.] 


BOOKS  PRINTED  IN  THE  CHOCTAW  LANGUAGE. 


289 


3,000 

3,000 
3,000 
3,000 


15        3,000 


1838  Am  I  a  Christian  ? 

Do  as  you  would  be  done  by, 

Explanation  of  the  Ten  Commandments, 

He  that  toucheth  you,  toucheth  the  apple  of  h  s  eye, 

Nuaman  and  Gehazi,        .  .  . 

Providence  acknowledged,  .  . 

Pray  for  them  that  persecute  you, 

Parents'  neglect  of  Children, 

The  Bible 

The  Poison  Tree, 
1836  The  Troublesome  Garden, 

1839  Gallaudet's  Bible  Stories,  abridged, 
1845        Same,  do. 

1839  Goodrich's  Child's  Book  on  the  Creation,  abridged,     . 
1845        Same,  do. 

1840  Gallaudet's  Child's  Book  on  the  Soul,  do. 

2nd  edition  sent  to  the  Piinter  at  Park  Hill,  Cherokee  Nation. 

1845  Sinners  in  the  hands  of  an  angry  God  :  Sermon  by  Pres.  Edwards,  28         1,000 

Nana  a  kaniohmi  Baibil  vt  haiakvchi,  or  things  made  known  in  the" 
Bible,  viz.: 

Attributes  of  God,  ;..... 

The  Bible  how  and  when  written — its  translation  into  the 
English  and  other  languages,     ..... 
What  the  Bible  teaches  about  Angels,    .... 
The  Bible  account  of  ihe  Creation  and  Fall  of  man,     . 
What  the  Bibln  teaches  about  the  duty  of  public  worship  and 
aiding  religious  teachers,  ..... 

What  the  Bible  teaches  in  relation  to  the  Sabbath, 
The  goodness  of  God  manifested  in  his  works, 
How  do  we  know  there  is  a  God  >  from  Dr  Todd, 
Fraud  exposed  and  condemned— extracted  from  Dr.  Payson's  Ser 
mon.    Sermon  xviii. 


3,000 
400 

1,0(10 
400 

1,000 
400 


30         1,000 


1,000 


TRACTS  OF  AMERICAN  TRACT  SOCIETY. 


1836 


1845 


Irreverence  in  the  house  of  God 

8 

3,000 

Poor  Sarah, 

. 

16 

3,000 

Patient  Joe,           . 

.  . 

3 

3,000 

The  incorrigible  Sinner  warned 

t 

12 

3,000 

The  woith  of  a  Dollar,    . 

. 

12 

3,000 

The  new  Biith,    . 

. 

16 

1,000 

I  will  give  liberally.    Dr.  Nevins 
The  act  of  faith, 

, 

• 

16 
4 

],()00 
1,000 

The  world  to  come,         .           « 

• 

4 
4 

1,000 
1  000 

The  Lord's  Day, 

. 

4 

l',000 

25 


CONTENTS. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  BOARD. 

PAGE. 
Corporate  Members,  .......  3 

Corresponding  Members,        .......  8 

Honorary  Members,  .......  9 

Officers  of  the  Board,  .......          48 

MINUTES  OF  THE  ANNUAL  MEETING. 

Corporate  Members  Present,  ......          49 

Honorary  Members  Present,  ......          50 

Organization,  ........          55 

Treasurer's  Report,     ........  55 

Report  of  the  Prudential  Committee,  .  .  .  .  .          56 

Reports  of  the  Committees  on  the  several  parts  of  the  foregoing,  .  .  57—62 

Special  Report  on  Control  of  Missionaries  and  Mission  Churches,  .  62 

Correspondence  with  the  Cherokee  and  Choctaw  Missions,  .  .          80 

Dr.  Pax  ton's  Appeal  and  Memorial,  .  .  .  .  .113 

Finances  of  the  Board,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .113 

Change  in  a  Regulation  of  the  Board,  .  .  .  .  .114 

Resignation  of  Mr.  Greene,  .  .  .  .  .  .114 

New  Members  and  Officers,  .  .  .  .  .  .116 

Place  and  Preacher  for  the  next  Meeting,     .  .  •  .  .117 

Resolutions,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .118 

Devotional  Services,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .118 

Adjournment,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .119 

Concluding  Remarks,  .  .  .  .  .  .119 

ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  PRUDENTIAL  COMMITTEE. 

DOMESTIC  DEPARTMENT. 

Labors  at  the  Missionary  House,        .            .            .  .  •  .120 

Agencies,         .........        121 

Receipts  and  Expenditures,               .            .            .  .  •  .124 

Missionaries  appointed  and  sent  forth,           .             .  .  •  .125 

Publications,                .            .             .             .            .  .  •  .126 

Co-operating  Societies,           ....  .'  .         127 

THE  MISSIONS  OF  THE  BOARD. 

Mission  to  the  Zulus,  in  Southern  Africa,  .  .  .  .  •        128 

Mission  to  Gaboon,  in  Western  Africa,  .  .  •  «  .133 

Mission  to  Greece,      .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .135 


CONTENTS.  291 

Mission  to  the  Armenians  and  Jews,  .  .        141 

Mission  to  Syria,         •••.....        154 

Mission  to  the  Nestorians,      .  .  .  .  .  .  .161 

Bombay  Mission,         .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .170 

Ahmednuggur  Mission,          .  .  .  .  .  .  .172 

Madras  Mission,          ........        178 

Madura  Mission,          .  .  .        -    .  .  .  .  .184 

Ceylon  Mission,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .197 

Siam  Mission,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .205 

Canton  Mission,          ........        215 

Amoy  Mission,  ........        218 

Fuh-Chau  Mission,     .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .        223 

Borneo  Mission,  ........        224 

Sandwich  Islands  Mission,     .......        227 

Mission  to  the  Oregon  Indians,          ......        239 

Mission  to  the  Choctaws,        .......        245 

Mission  to  the  Cherokees,      .......        254 

Mission  to  the  Pawnees,         .......        260 

Mission  to  the  Sioux,  .......         261 

Mission  to  the  Ojibwas,          .......         265 

Mission  to  the  Stockbridge  Indians,          -    .  .  .  .  .271 

New  York  Indians,     ........        273 

Mission  to  the  Abenaquis,      .......        278 

SUMMARY,        .........       279 

PECUNIARY  ACCOUNTS,  .......        280 

SUMMARY  OF  DONATIONS  RECEIVED  DURING  THE  YEAR,  .  .  .        284 

BOOKS  PRINTED  IN  THE  CHEROKEE  LANGUAGE,  .  .  .  .287 

BOOKS  PRINTED  IN  THE  CHOCTAW  LANGUAGE,  ....  288 


1848.] 


\ 


MEMBERS    OF    THE    BOARD. 


11 


Barker  Joshua,  New  Bedford,  Ms. 

Barker  Rev  Nathaniel,  Wakefield,  N.  H. 

Barker  Samuel  F.,  Calais,  Me. 

Barlow  Rev  Joseph,  Salem,  Pa. 

Barnard  Rev  John,  Limn,  N.  Y. 

Barnard  Rev  John,  Jr.,  do. 

Barnard  Timothy,  Pittsford,  N.  Y. 

Barnes  Albert  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Barnes  Mrs  Abby  A.,        do. 

Barnes  Charlotte  W.,        do. 

Barnes  Charles.  Jordan,  N.  Y. 

Barnes  Rev  D.  R.,  North  Wrentham,  Me 

Barnes  Rev  Erastus,  Chazy,  N.  Y. 

Barnes  Rev  William,  Foxboro',  Ms. 

Barnes  Mrs  Eunice  A.  H.,  do. 

Barnes  Rev  Jeremiah,  Evansville,  la. 

Barney  Rev  James  O.,  Seekonk,  Ms. 

Earnhardt  Mrs  Anna  B.,  Constantia,  N.  Y. 

Barnit  Mrs  Hannah  T.,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Barnum  Rev  George,  Franklin,  Mich. 

Barnum  Noah  S.,  Norwalk,  Ct. 

Barr  Absalom  K. 

Barr  Rev  Joseph,  Williamstown,  Pa. 

Barr  Rev  Thomas  H.,  Jackson,  O. 

Barrett  Benjamin,  Northampton,  Ms. 

Barrett  Rev  Gerrish. 

*Barrett  Mrs.  Hannah  I.,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Barrett  Rev  Joshua,  Plymouth,  Ms. 

Barrett  Rev  Newton,  Brecksville,  O. 

Barrett  Samuel,  Boston,  Ms. 

Barrows  Rev  E.  P ,  Hudson,  O. 

*Barrows  Rev  E.  S.,  Cazenovia,  N.  Y. 

Barrows  Experience,  Dorset,  Vt. 

Barrows  Rev  Homer,  Dover,  N.  H. 

Barrows  John  S.,  Fryeburg,  Me. 

Barry  Samuel  S.,  New  York  city. 

Barstow  Rev  E.  H.,  Walpole,  N.  H. 

Bartholomew  Rev  Orlo,  Augusta,  N   Y. 

Bartlett  Andrew,  Plymouth,  Ms. 

Bartlett  Charles  L.,  Haverhill,  Ms. 

Bartlett  Rev  Francis,  Rushville,  O. 

Bartlett  Rev  John,  Avon  West,  Ct. 

Bartlett  Rev  Jonathan,  Reading,  Ct. 

Bartlott  Rev  J.  L. 

Bartlett  Rev  Joseph,  Buxton,  Me. 

Bartlett  Rev  Shubael,  East  Windsor,  Ct. 

Bartlett  Rev  S.  C.,  Hudson,  O. 

Barton  Rev  Charles  B.,  Bethel,  III. 

Barton  Rev  Frederick  A.,  Chickopee,  Ms. 

Barton  Rev  John,        Camden,  N.  Y. 

Barton  Mrs  Susan  D.,         do. 

Barton  Caroline  A.  P.,        do. 

Barton  Miss  Nancy  O.  R.    do. 

Barton  Thomas  W.,  do. 

Barton  Rev  William  B.,  Woodbridge,  N.  J. 

Barton  Mrs  Elizabeth,  do. 

Bascom  Rev  Flavell,  Chicago,  111. 

Bass  Nathan,  Scotland,  Ct. 

Bass  William,  Middlebury,  Vt. 

Bassett  Isaac,  Hinsdale,  Ms. 

Bassett  Philo,  Derby  Ct. 

Bassler  Rev  Benjamin,  Farmersville,  N.  Y. 

Batchelder  Rev  C.  R.,  Westminster  East,  Vt. 

Batchelder  John,  Needham,  Ms. 

Batchelder  John  P.,  Utica,  N.  Y. 

Batclielder  Jonathan,  Mason,  N.  H. 

Batchelder  Nathaniel,  Beverly,  Ms. 

Batcholler  Ezra,  N.  Brookfield,  Ms. 

Batcheller  Tyler,  do. 

Bates  Rev  Henry,  Harmar,  O. 

Bates  Rev  James,  Granby,  Ms. 

Bates  Rev  Lemuel  P. 

*Bates  Rev  Talcott,  Manlius,  N.  Y. 

Bates  Rev  William,  Northbridge,  Ms. 

*Battell  Joseph,  Norfolk,  Ct. 

Battell  Robbins,        do. 

Bay  ley  Robert,  Sen.,  Newburyport,  Ma. 

Baylies  Ephraim,  Uxbridge,  Ms. 

Baylies  Mrs  Olive  T.,  do. 

Baynes  Rev  John  W.,  St.  Catharine,  C.  W. 

Bayton  Edward  S.,  Utica,  N.  Y. 

Beach  Rev  Aaron  C.,  Wolcott,  Ct. 

Beach  Rev  Charles,  Newark,  N.  J. 


Beach  Rev  Ebenezer,  Lysander,  N.  Y. 
Beach  Rev  Edwards  C. 
Beach  Rev  Isaac  C.,  Chester,  N.  Y. 
Beach  Isaac  E.,  Bridgeport,  Ct. 
Beach  James  E.,        do. 
Beach  Rev  James,  Winsted,  Ct. 
Beach  John,  Hartford,  Ct. 
Beach  John  H.  E.,  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. 
Beach  Mrs  Cynthia  M.,        do. 
Beach  Rev  Nathaniel,  Millbury,  Ms. 
Beach  Mrs  Elizabeth  R.,    do. 
Beach  Theron,  Litchfield,  Ct. 
Beach  Uri,  East  Bloomfield,  N.  Y. 
Beach  William  A.,  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. 
Beals  Mrs  Abigail,  Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 
Beals  Samuel  R.,  Slatersville,  R.  I. 
Beaman  Rev  C.  C.,  Wellfleet,  Ms. 
Beaman  Rev  C.  P.,  Milledgeville,  Ga. 
Beaman  Rev  Warren  H.,  Hadley,  Ms. 
Beane  Rev  John  V.,  Haverhill,  N.  H. 
Beane  Rev  Samuel,  Little  Compton.  R.  I. 
Beard  A.  E.,  Norwalk,  Ct. 
Beard  Rev.  Spencer  F.,  Montville,  Ct. 
Beardsley  Rev.  Nehemiah  B. 
Beardsley  Rev.  O.  C.,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 
Beardsley  Rev  William,  Quincy,  111. 
Beattie  Rev  Charles  C.,  Steubenville,  O. 
Beattie  Rev  John,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Beattie  William,  Salem,  N.  Y. 
Beaumont  F.,  Natchez,  Miss. 
Beckly  Rev  Hosea,  Dummerston,  Vt. 
Beckwith  Rev  B.  B.,  Gouverneur,  N.  Y. 
Beckwith  Rev  George  C.,  Newton,  Ms. 
Beebe  Rev  Hubbard,  South  Wilbraham,  Ms 
Beebe  James  M.,  Boston,  MB. 
Beebe  Mrs  James  M.,   do. 
Beebe  Rev  L.  S.,  Adrian,  Mich. 
Beebe  Rev  S.  J.  M.,  Clyde,  N.  Y. 
Beebee  Lewis  A.,  Lima,  N.  Y. 
Beecher  Alfred,  Livonia,  NT  Y. 
Beecher  David,        do. 
Beecher  Edward,  D.  D.,  Boston,  Ms. 
Beecher  Edward  A.,  Livonia,  N.  Y. 
*Beecher,  Rev.  George,  Chillicothe,  O. 
Beecher  Rev  Henry  W.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Beecher  Rev  John,  Ellsworth,  Ct. 
Beecher  Mrs  Lydia,  Cincinnati,  O. 
Beecher  Samuel,  Livonia,  N.  Y. 
Beecher  Rev  William  H.,  Euclid,  O. 
Beekman  Gerard,  New  York  city. 
Beers  Rev  D.,  Southampton,  N.  Y. 
Beers  Rev  H.  N.,  Westboro',  Ms. 
3eers  Nathan,  New  Haven,  Ct. 
Belcher  Harvey,  North  Brookfield,  Ms. 
Belden  Rev  Henry,  Marlboro',  N.  Y. 
3elden  Rev  Pomeroy,  Amherst,  Ms. 
Belden  Rev  William,  New  York  city. 
3ell  Rev  Hiram,  Marlboro',  Ct. 
iell  Rev  John,  Lincoln  co.,  Me. 
Bell  Rev  Samuel,  Newark,  Del. 
Bell  Samuel,  Chester,  N.  H. 
Jement  Rev  William,  East  Hampton,  Ms. 
Jement  Mrs.  Sarah,  do. 

Benedict  Rev  Amzi,  Framingham,  Ms. 
Benedict  Rev  E.,  Candor,  N.  Y. 
Benedict  George  W.,  Burlington,  Vt. 
Benedict  Rev  Henry,  Westport,  Ct. 
Benedict  Jesse  W.,  New  York. 
Benedict  Rev  Lewis,  Verona,  N.  Y. 
Benedict  Rev  W.  U.,  Vermontville,  Mich. 
Benjamin  Rev  Nathan,  Smyrna,  Asia  Minor. 
Bennett  Rev  Asa,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 
tennett,  Charles,  Harwinton,Ct. 
Bennett  Rev  Joseph,  Woburn,  Ms. 
*Bennett  Mrs  Mary  L.,     do. 
Jennett  Joseph  L.,  do. 

Bennett  Philander,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Jennett  Richard  R.,  New  Utrecht,  N.  Y. 
Jenson  Rev  Almon,  Centre  Harbor,  N.  H. 
Jenson  George  W.,  Coxsackie,  N.  Y. 
tentley  Rev  Charles,  Harwinton,  Ct. 
Sentley  Mrs  Lucia,  do. 

Bent  Rev  Josiah,  Amherst,  Ms. 


\ 


12 


MEMBERS    OF    THE    BOARD. 


[Report, 


Bergen  Rev  Henry,  Big  Rock  Creek,  111. 

Bergen  Rev  John  G.,  Springfield,  111. 

Berry  Titus,  Dover,  N.  J. 

Bertody  Charles,  Leicester,  Ms. 

Bethune  George  W.,  D.  D.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Belts  Juliette,  Norwalk,  Ct. 

*Betts  Thaddeus,  do. 

Setts  Rev.  William  R.  S.,  Leeds,  N.  Y. 

Bevridge  Rev  James,  Erie,  N.  Y. 

Bicfcnell  Rev  Simeon,  Jericho  Centre,  Vt. 

Bid  well  Mrs  Esther  C.,  Alleghany,  Pa. 

Bidwell  Marshall  S.,  New  York  city. 

Bidwell  Rev  O.  B.,  New  York  city. 

Bidwell  Rev  Walter  H.,    do. 

Bidwell  Mrs  Susan  M.,      do. 

*Bigby  Hervey,  Bridgeport,  Ct. 

Bigelow  Alpheus,  Weston,  Ms. 

Bigelow  Rev  Andrew. 

Bigelow  Asa,  Maiden,  N.  Y. 

Bigelow  Rev  Asahel,  Walpole,  Ms. 

Bigelow  Benjamin,  Cambridgeport,  Ms, 

Bigelow  Edgar,  Maiden,  N.  Y. 

Bigelow  Edward,  New  York  city. 

Bigelow  Edward  B.,Grafton,  Ms. 

Bigelow  James,  New  York. 

Bigelow  Rev  Jonathan,  Rochester,  Ms. 

Bigelow  Richard,  New  York  city. 

Bigelow  T.  B.,  Troy,  N.  Y 


W     1  .    1_».  5     A  I  \jy  j    11  •     ±.  * 

Biggs  Rev  Thomas  J..  Cincinnati,  O. 
Bigler  Rex  David,  New  York  city. 
Biglow  M%R  Lucy  W.,  Fitzwilli'am,  N.  H. 


Billington  Rev  L.  W.,  Scottsville,  N.  Y. 
Billington  Mrs  Sophia,  do. 

Bingham  Miss  Esther,  Hudson,  N.  Y. 
Bingham  Rev  Hiram,  East  Hampton,  Ms. 
*Bingham  Jeremiah,  Cornwall,  Vt. 
Bingham  Rev  Luther  G.,  Williston,  Vt. 
Bird  Charles,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Bird  Rev  Isaac,  Hartford,  Ct. 
Bird  Mrs  Ann  P.,        do. 
Bird  William,  do. 

Birge  Rev  Chester,  Vienna,  O. 
Bisbee  Rev  John  H.,  Worthington,  Ms. 
Lev  T.  C.,  Grafton,  Ms. 
rs  Ellen  E.,  do. 

Artemas,  Sandwich  Islands. 
A.  El.,  Astoria,  N.  Y. 
Bishop  Nathaniel,  Medford,  Ms. 
Bishop  Rev  Nelson,  Windsor,  Vt. 
Bissell  Mrs  Arabella,  Suffield,  Ct. 
Bissell  Clark,  Norwalk,  Ct. 
Bissell  Harvey  H.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Bissell  Rev  Henry,  Lyme,  O. 
Bissell  John,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
Bissell  Mrs  John,  do. 
*Bissell  Josiah,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Bissell  Rev  Samuel,  Twinsburg,  O. 
Bissell  Rev  Samuel  B.  S.,  Greenwich,  Ct. 
•  Bixby  Miss  Mary,  Thompson,  Ct. 
Black  Rev  Felix  G.,  Lebanon,  O. 
Blackler  Mrs  Mary  J.,  Marblehead,  Ms. 
Blagden  Rev  George  W.,  Boston,  Ms. 
Blagden  Mrs  George  W.        do. 
Blagden  George,  do. 

*Blagden  John  Phillips,         do. 
Blagden  Samuel  P.,  do. 

Blagden  Thomas,  do. 

Blain  Rev  William,  Good  well,  N.  Y. 
Blair  Rev  Tyrrel,  Blandford,  Ms. 
Blake  Anson,         Wrentham,  Ms. 
Blake  Mrs  Eliza  M  ,      do. 
*Blake  Gardiner  S.,       do. 
Blake  Mrs  Sally,  do. 

Blake  Rev  Elial  B.,  E.  Medway,  Ms. 
Blake  Rev.  Joseph,  Cumberland,  Me. 
Blake  Josiah,  East  Medway,  Ms. 
Blanchard  Rev  Amos,  Lowell,  Ms. 
Blanchard  Rev  Amos,  Meriden,  N.  H. 
Blanchard  Mrs  A.,  do. 

Blanchard  Jonathan,  D.  D.,  Galesburg,  111. 
Blanchard  Mrs  Mary  A.,  do. 

Blatchford  Miss  Alicia  H.,  New  York  city. 
Blatchford  E.  H.,  do. 


*Blatchford  Mrs.  Alicia,  Lansingburg,  N.  Y. 

Blatchford  Miss  Mary  M.  W.,  do. 

Blatchford  Miss  Sophia,  do. 

Blatchford  Rev  John,  Missouri. 

Blatchford  Thomas,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

Blatchford  Thomas  W.  do. 

Blatchley  Miss  Polly,  Burlington,  Vt. 

Bleecker  Barnet,  Albany,  N.'Y. 

Bleecker  John  R.,      do. 

Bliss  Mrs.  Abigail,  New  York  city. 

Bliss  Rev  Asher,  Cattaraugus,  N.  Y. 

Bliss  Mrs  Chloe,  Attleboro',  Ms. 

Bliss  Mrs  Mary  K.,  Gainesville,  Ala. 

Bliss  Rev  Seth,  Boston,  Ms. 

Blodgett  Mrs.  Catharine  O  ,  Dawfuskie,  S.  C. 

Blodgett  Miss  Emily  F.,  do. 

Blodgett  William  I.,  do. 

Blodgett  Rev  Constantino,  Pawtucket,  Ms. 

Blodgett  Mrs.  Hannah  M.,  do. 

Blodgett  Rev  E.  P.,  Greenwich,  Ms. 

Blodgett  Rev  Harvey.  Euclid,  O. 

Blodgett  Luther  F.,  Fly  Creek,  N.  Y. 

Blodgett  Rev  Luther  P.,  Waterville,  N.  Y. 

Blood  Rev  C.  E ,  Collinsville,  111. 

Blood  Rev  Daniel  C.,  Strongsville,  O. 

Blood  Rev  Mighill,  Matinicus,  Me. 

Blood  Rev  William,  Lachute,  L.  C. 

Bloomfield  John  W.,  Rome,  N.  Y. 

Blunt  Ainsworth  E-,  Cross  Plains,  Ten. 

Blunt  John  G.,  Nashua,  N.  H. 

Blunt  Miss  Lucy  W.,  do. 

Blunt  Mrs  Mary,     •      do. 

Blunt  John,  do. 

Blunt  Mrs  Caroline,     do. 

Boardman  Charles,  Worcester,  Ms. 

Boardman  Rev  Charles  A.,  Youngstown,  O. 

Boardman  Rev  Elderkin  J.,  Randolph,  Vt. 

Boardman  Elisha  J.,  Norwich,  Vt. 

Boardman  Rev  George  S.,  Cherry  Valley,  N.  Y. 

Boardman  Rev  G%or»e  T.,  Columbus,  O. 

Boardman  H.  A.,  D.  D.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*Boardman  Rev  John,  Douglass,  Ms. 

*Boardman  Timothy,  West  Rutland,  Vt. 

Boardman  Rev.  William  J.,  Dalton,  Ms. 

Bodley  Mrs.  Rachel  W.,  Cincinnati,  O. 

Bogardus  Rev  Cornelius. 

Bogardus  Rev.  William  R.,  New  York  city. 

Boggs  Rev  George  W.,  Walterborough,  S.  C. 

Bogue  Rev  Horace  P.  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Boice  Rev  Ira  C.,  Bergen,  N.  J. 

*Boies  Rev  Artemas,  New  London,  Ct. 

Boies  Joseph,  Union  Village,  N.  Y. 

Bolls  Matthew. 

Bond  Elias,  Hallowell,  Me. 

Bond  Rev  Elias,  Jr.,  Sandwich  Islands. 

*Bond  Mrs  Mehetable,  Norwich,  Ct. 

Bond  Rev  William  B.,  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 

Bonney  Rev  Elijah  El,  Paulet,  Vt. 

*Bonney  Rev  William,  New  Canaan,  Ct. 

Booth  Rev  Chauncey,  South  Coventry,  Ct. 

Booth  David,  Longmeadow.,   Ms. 

Booth  Miss  Elizabeth,  New  Castle,  Del. 

Borland  John,  Amherst,  Ms. 

Bost  Rev  A.,  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

Bostwick  Charles,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

Boswell  Mrs  Elizabeth,  Norwich,  Ct. 

Boswell  John  L.,  Hartford,  Ct. 

Boswell  Mrs  Sarah  M.,  do. 

Bosworth  Benjamin,  Eaatford,  Ct. 

Bosworth  Rev  Eliphalet,  Bladensburg,  Md. 

Bourne  Benjamin  S.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Boutelle  Rev  Asaph,  Alexandria,  O. 

Boutelle  Mrs  Fidelia  E.,        do. 

Boutelle  Rev  Thomas,  North  Woodstock,  Ct. 

Boutelle  Mrs  Mary  E.,  do. 

Bouton  Rev  Nathaniel,  Concord,  N.  H. 

Boutwell  Rev  James,  Brentwood,  N.  H. 

Boutwell  Mrs  Mary  P.,  do. 

Boutwell  Rev  William  T.,  Stillvvater,  Wis. 

Bowen  Rev  George,  Jr.,  Bombay. 

Bowen  Mrs  Lucy  M.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Bowen  William  M.,  Pawtucket,  Ms. 

Bowers  Rev  John,  North  Wilbraham,  Ma. 


